[Music] foreign [Music] [Music] good day everyone sir Janice here and welcome to another episode of einstynatics TV today we are going to put Focus the digestive system which is covered by quarter four module 1 of science 8. so are you ready to learn so here are our learning objective for today's topic we are going to try to explain ingestion absorption assimilation and exertion specifically objectives for today's lesson una we are going to try to discuss the importance of digestion digestion we are going to try to identify and describe anoyumanga rules of the different organs involving the digestive system and last is we are going to try to explain stages of digestion before we proceed let us have quick reminders so feel free to pause the video anytime to soak up the concepts you can also pause the video especially when answering the assessments or quizzes separate papers for your answers and you may also download the module provided by the link on the video description and of course the most important don't forget to subscribe so that you will be updated with new content before proceeding let us try first to answer this question why do we need food now as humans we need to consume a balanced diet which contains a variety of different types of food because from this food we can gain the following nutrients in Una as we all know from your previous topics from the food that we eat we can gain carbohydrates which is used for energy young proteins for growth and repair young fats to store energy and young vitamins and minerals to keep the body healthy now the amount of which food type is needed is related to the proportions as what is shown on the food pyramid now based on the food pyramid the body need the most of so as you can see the largest portion here is the carbohydrates which is needed by our body for energy you might be wondering carbohydrates carbohydrates it refers to starchy foods which contain carbohydrates which are made up of long chains of identical small sugar molecules so at all you illustration of a carbohydrate molecule so breaks down long chains of carbohydrates into small sugar molecules so that it can be absorbed by our body now from these small sugar molecules it will be used by the body to release energy and make the body work another nutrient that we can gain from the food that we eat are proteins proteins so young proteins carbohydrates are made up of long chains of small molecules in proteins however these small molecules are not identical so as we all know Karina based on our previous discussion that proteins for growth and repair another nutrient that we can gain from the food that we eat are fats fats or taba are made up of fat molecules which contains fatty acids and glycerol now humongous fat molecules can be broken down by the body so that they can be used for energy storage so young fats are also used by the body to keep heat in to make cell membrane now that we already know the different nutrients that we can gain from the food our body now needs to solve two problems energy coming from the food now young problem one is how to release smaller sugars as we all know young physical means like slicing and pleasing chewing do not break down the long chain molecules and release the sugars this is because we can't release sugars from carbohydrates by physically breaking them up it is because the chain of sugars from the food that we eat is held together by chemical bands and as we all know based from your previous topics that chemical bonds need also require a chemical technique if they are to be broken another problem that our body needs to solve in order for it to gain the energy from the food is the problem with food size as we all know that the food starts with large in size so being large young food tends to be unable to dissolve and we say it is large and insoluble or ibix now needs to be soluble so that it can dissolve in the blood and thus be transported around the body and then the more likely they will dissolve matuna or be digested so the digestive system has to cope up with both these problems so from the food that we are eating through the process of digestion it will turn a soluble product so that it can be absorbed or be distributed throughout the body through the blood vessels solving the two problems is now the job digestive system digestive system so when we talk about digestive system so these are made up of group of organs all working together and each organ has a particular function and only by working together we'll get the job so you might be wondering once it enters our body so young modeling answer is that it will now be digested digested so when we talk about digested this means it is broken down young digestion happens in two ways physical or mechanical um from our previous discussion as we all know who does a physical shape a broken down into smaller pieces so that is the job for the physical digestion and of course since this food are made up of chemicals or held by chemical bands so it must undergo chemical digestion can you still remember what is digestion so when we talk about digestion the body carries out digestion of food to convert large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble ones carbohydrate molecule protein molecule fat molecule will now be processed so that it can pass through the walls of the small empty Steam and these small food molecules can do this when dissolved in the bloodstream so why do you think this is important it converts into small food molecules so of course the smaller it is the more soluble it is and can it can be readily absorbed by the blood vessels and these nutrients now can be readily distributed throughout the body it is important to note the difference between chemical and physical digestion remember that our digestive system uses both chemical digestion and physical digestion Una um food that we eat undergoes physical digestion so that the shape of the food must be physically changed so that it could fit through the small diameter of the digestive system on the other hand the man must undergo chemical digestion because it would now allow useful chemicals to be released and dissolved in the blood and the chains that held the nutrients can be broken down chemically and the bonds must be broken so that the energy can be released from the food this time let us take a close look as to how their digestion of wood happens so open wide it is important to note enters our digestive system through the mouth and pneumonia waste materials the man lives through the anus to put into perspective actually you're nothing digestive system is which is 9 meters so young adding digestive system is also known as digestive tract or you gastrointestinal tract or GI tract so which contains the liver pancreas and gallbladder which are all parts of the digestive system so you might be wondering since young digestive system nothing is approximately is nine meters you might be wondering buddy so as you all know that it is extremely fall dead and in addition passes through the organs on its root from the mouth through the anus so that is why tahit nine meters but as you can see uh it is extremely folded this time let us explore the different organs of the digestive system and their functions the first process of digestion takes place in your mouth in your mouth physical and chemical digestion takes place young food is broken down into smaller pieces it is because now when you swallow as you can see a small flap of tissue called the epiglottis Falls over so that is meant for air Passage from the mouth once you begin swallowing young process is automatic go in or without thinking about it your brain now would send signals to the esophagus and peristalsis would now begin now young esophagus connects or a muscular tube which connects from the pharynx to the stomach now your purpose of the esophagus is to deliver from the food from your mouth to the stomach is an automatic movement which is a series of wave-like muscle constructions that move food through the digestive system begins in the pharynx or in the esophagus and once a food bolus is formed and ends up in the anus now along with segmentation or mixing of food peristalsis is an essential part of providing the body with nutrients now from the esophagus the food that you have consumed would end up in your stomach stomach so young stomach is a suck-like organ with strong muscular walls so inside the stomach it is considered to be both a mixer and a grinder wherein physical and chemical change happens or physical or chemical digestion happens in terms of physical digestion as you can see the stomach turns the food that we eat and in turn someone of chemical digestion young stomach secretes acid and power powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking down the food now once it leaves the stomach the food is the consistency of a liquid or a phase acids it is important to remember the two process that happens in the stomach your owner is that the chemical breakdown of food begins and also in the stomach this is where microbes are destroyed now after passing through the stomach would enter the small intestine where digestion is completed and the small digested food molecules are absorbed in the bloodstream now let us take a closer look on the process of absorption of the nutrients from the food in the small intestine young small intestine is made up of three segments so young small intestine is a long tube with Loosely called in the abdomen which is approximately 20 feet long so the small intestine continues the process of breaking down food by using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver once inside the small intestine the process of digestion is aided by the accessory organ and one of this is the release of bile bile so when we talk about bile it is a compound that aids in the digestion of fat and eliminates waste products from the blood one of the accessory organ of the digestive system is known as the pancreas pancreas pancreas releases enzymes which helps break down fat proteins and carbohydrates from the food that we eat accessory organ of the digestive system is known as the liver so young liver is main function so young una is it produces or secretes bile as we all know young bile kanina is fats from the food that we eat and another function of the liver is it helps to cleanse and purify the blood coming from the small intestine containing the nutrients just absorbed the less accessory organ of the digestive system is known as the gallbladder produce function or that is now known as the gall bladder so when we talk about the gallbladder it is a pear-shaped Reservoir under the liver and now this is its function is to store bile now bile is made in the liver and this one during Emil the gallbladder contracts and sending the bile to the small intestine after passing through the small intestine the food that we have now consumed will now pass through the large intestine or also known as the colon the functions of the colon includes the absorption of water manufacturing of vitamins producing milk mucus and of course forms and expels feces now it is important to note that it takes about 36 hours for soul to get through the colon it is important to remember that in the large intestine the blood reabsorbs young excess water that is mixed with the waste food the large intestine what's left of the food that you have consumed is now passed through the rectum now young rectum is the lower end of your large intestine and this is where the stool is stored now it is the rectum's job to receive the stool from the colon and to let you know there is a stool to be adjusted and it also holds the stool until ingestion happens and finally the anus is the last part of the digestive tract now this is the external opening from the rectum we're in the feces are expelled so let us have a quick view on the process of digestion it enters the mouth passes through the esophagus ends up in the stomach and from the stomach to the small intestine then through the colon through the rectum and eventually would end up in the anus this time let us take a closer look on the four process of digestion process injection so once you eat a food once and the intake into the elementary Canal or the GI tract so the process starts in the food when you chew with the health of your teeth is already the process of ingestion now in the process of ingestion it is important to remember nah the physical as well as chemical digestion takes place remember physical digestion happens and as well as young chemical digestion because it already produces your salivary glands is a digestive juice which helps in moistening the food so that it can help move through the esophagus as well as young saliva also contains an enzyme that helps begin to break down starches in your food in ingestion after you swallow peristalsis which we all know is an automatic process pushes the food down your esophagus into your stomach the glands in your stomach lining make the stomach acid and enzymes that break down food muscles of your stomach mix the food with this digestive juices the second step of the process of digestion is known as absorption after breaking complex food substances into smaller soluble food substances it moves down into the small intestine where absorption happens the small intestine as we all know has many folds and on these Falls there are many finger-like projections called bili so later on we will know what would be now the purpose of this Village with the many folds on the small intestine with which is covered by the finger leg projections known as Villi so young folding NATO means the surface area of the lining of the small intestine is enormous absorption of nutrients so young increase number of places where small soluble food molecules can pass across and move into the blood the nutrients coming from the food would be efficiently absorbed through the process of absorption in the small intestine the next step in the process of digestion is known as assimilation so after absorption now comes the part of assimilation assimilation so when we talk about assimilation ethereum process where in your digestive food absorbed by the walls of the intestines are carried to the different organs of the body through blood vessels so this would now build complex substances such as proteins that is required by our body so human nutrients will be now delivered to the specific organs that needs the nutrients in the process of assimilation it is important to note that when food is digested its components enter the blood so young carbohydrates now have been turned into glucose into fatty acids and glycerol calcium proteins demand is turned into a soluble form which is amino acids so your molecules used for growth and repair become part of the body young even a man are used as energy sources and some are lost as carbon dioxide and water nutrients are incorporated into each part of a cell so for example young nucleus cytoplasm which is made up of protein and water and also your membrane is needs fats and carbohydrates the fourth step in the digestive process is known as ejection so when we talk about digestion ethereum processor wherein it involves the removal or pagtangal the manga Hindi food products from the body as we all know it is a discharge because this contains toxic substances which is our leftover from the Digest and the last part of the digestive process just like ejection is known as excretion ingestion and expression so excretion one in the other hand involves young removal of waste from the cells of organic cells included carbon dioxide which by the way is essential plants so as you can see our plants give us oxygen and in return we use the oxygen and we release carbon dioxide which is essential the growth of plants so give and take relationship this time let us check how much you've learned from today's video for the first challenge known as Activity one what comes next so what you will do is you are just going to write the following steps of digestion in proper order so may use the numbers 1 to 10 to show the correct order one being the first and then being the last step so while you are answering you may pause the video and you just hit play when you are done to check whether you got the correct answer so good luck so here are the correct responses did you get it all correct if so then you are now ready for the next challenge the next challenge is Trucking food through my digestive system so what you will do is you are going to try to label the parts of the digestive system given below and as well as you are going to give the function of each part so are you ready to take on the challenge so just like the first one you may pause the video while answering and you can just press play to check your answer so good luck so here are the correct answers so one is of course the mouth number two is the esophagus sorry is liver for stomach five is gallbladder six is pancreas seven is small intestine eight is large intestine nine is rectum and last one is anus and for the last challenge which is titled what is it so what you will do is you are going to try to identify the process or the stages where the following take place so you will you are going to write your answer in the space provided so you are going to choose between the steps of the digestive process ingestion assimilation absorption ejection and excretion so good luck correct responses so number one is assimilation two is ingestion three is of course ejection four is absorption and number five is excretion so congratulations so that's it for today's video I hope you have learned and have fun don't forget to click like ring the bell and subscribe in order for you to update it with upcoming videos and cinematics out