in this session we will discuss about sodium ion battery these batteries are rechargeable battery that uses mainly sodium ions as its charge carriers that means here the sodium ions moving between the electrons it's cell construction and the working principles are identical with lithium ion B only the difference is in the place of lithium here we are using the sodium as the cathode material nowadays these batteries getting more attention for large scale energy storage because of the Natural Abundance low cost and environmental friendliness of sodium atoms so these batteries have more charge C compared to lithium ion battery and develops up potential of 3 now let us see the construction of sodium ion battery which is same as that of lithium ion battery only the difference is in the place of lithium here we are using sodium ions here also uh this battery contains a container which is made up of sinless steel or aluminium alloy and uh here here also the anode is made up of copper foil layers on which graphite is placed and the cathode is made up of aluminium foil layers on which sodium Cobalt oxide is placed but in lithium ion battery here we are cathode we are using lithium Cobalt oxide but here we are using sodium Cobalt oxide and the electrolyte used this sodium hexa floro phosphate dissolved in organic solvents like propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate with some jelling agent these two electrons are separated by a separator which is made up of poly proofil this separator separates the cathode and anode and allows the moment of sodium ions from anode to cathode and cathode to anode and finally these two electrons are connected to voltmeter this is the cell representation here anod side the graphite on copper foil that is in contact with sodium hexa floro phosphate that is in contact with sodium Cobalt oxide on aluminium coid next we will see the working principle of sodium ion B battery so here during charging of battery the sodium ions present in the layers of sodium Cobalt oxide are oxidized which liberating electrons and sodium ions and the liberated electrons move through the external circuit and the sodium ions moves through the electrolyte solution at cathode what happens is I have WR x + y na ions present in na sodium Cobalt oxide that means n X+ y CO2 on ionization what happens is out of X+ y ions of sodium y number of sodium ions will move towards anode and combines with this graphite and forms C6 na y you can clearly see it here so at graphite electron these sodium ions are reduced to sodium atoms and are inserted back into the layers of graphite so and the liberated electrons are mov through the external circuit to form electrical energy so when all the uh sodium ions moved from cathode to anode then all are stored in the layers of graphite that means the battery is full charged and we can ready to use it this is about charging reaction of sodium ion battery similarly uh during discharging of battery what happens is at anode the sodium atoms present in the graphite layers are oxidized the liberating electrons and sodium ions so whatever sodium present in the Amon along with the graphite in the form of C6 na y will dissociate and move towards cathode through electrolite solution and it will form n X+ y CO2 at the same time the liberated electrons move through the external circuit to produce electrical energy can clearly observe at here so when all the sodium ions have moved back from anode to cathode then the battery is fully discharged and needs to charging up again now let us see the applications of sodium ion battery these batteries are used in UPS applications in the Telecommunications sector which is also used in a stationary energy storage applications which is uh also used in large scale storage of renovable energy