okay let's go on to the second part of chapter uh six well it's the first part but the second part of the digestive system so here's some additional suffixes of the digestive system one of the goals to find new suffixes and use them with digestive system combining forms list and explain laboratory tests clinical procedures abbreviations combination system and apply your knowledge to understanding medical terms in the proper context which is our ultimate goal so ectasis or ectesia that would be like bronchiectasis like dilation of the bronchial tubes emesis would be a perfect example would be hematoma nemesis like vomiting blood pepsia pepsia would be one of those things like dyspepsia that's bad digestion or indigestion aphasia you can have dysphagia which is difficulty swallowing plasti rhinoplasty a surgical repair of the nose tysos tysis so hemotysis would be spitting up blood so again ectasis is dilation or widening emesis is vomiting pepsi has digestion basia is eating so dysphagia would be difficulty eating or swallowing plasti surgical repair rhinoplasty and tyson spitting so hemo hypothesis spitting up blood uh reggie rafi rhea spasm stasis stenosis trezia so let's give examples rajya is the burst forth of blood so raggio so hemorrhage or menorrhagia is heavy discharge of blood during menstruation roughy hernia ruffy is suture repair of the hernia pyrea would be discharge of plus you know diarrhea as well uh spasm you can have pyroplasm cardio spasm so cardio spasm would be involuntary contraction the cardiac sphincter stasis uh hemostasis and stoppage of blood flow stenosis so you can have pyloric stenosis narrowing of the public sphincter or you can just have lumbar stenosis which is narrowing of the landmark now uh treasure is opening so atragia is not open suffixes that are also used alone as separate terms so emesis lysis spasm stasis and stenosis like i was saying you can use these by themselves as well so you can use lumbar stenosis or just muscle spasm that's a spasm and balancing compression muscle so you don't have to add these suffixes to any word you can just use them by themselves so what term means difficulty swallowing that would be dysphagia which one means to control or stop bleeding so stasis blood hemostasis there's some other combining forms and terminology cilia chili coal colony close to color doc we've used these before again buco meaning cheek so buckle pertaining to the cheek uh sika like cycle volvulus twisting or part of the cecum cilia celiac artery shallow so cello ostomy chillostomatoplasty surgical repair of the lip and mouth okay whole so cola cystography which is record of the gallbladder and colo duck so cold doco is pertaining to the common bile duct all meaning pertaining to so here's coal colon dent enter esophageal gastro gingivitis we've talked about these before colo colon so this is a good review for you dents meaning tooth duodenum entero meaning intestines esophageal in the esophagus so some more examples would be cholectomy right mold of the colon colonoscopy visual examination of the colon uh dentalgia as pain in the truth um gastroduodenal anaesthemosis well that's a big word right gastroduodenal anaesthemosis okay so that would be new opening between the stomach and the duodenum entero how about interoafy suture of the intestines esophageal artesia closure of the esophagus gingivectomy or gingivitis anything dealing with the gums uh gloss gluco glycol hepato hern ayala jejunum and labia so let's look at that glosso meaning tongue uh what about glossotomy incision of the tongue gluco or glycoglycolysis breakdown sugar hepato hepatomegaly enlargement of the liver hern herniography suture of the hernia ilia ileostomy new opening of the ilium to the outside of the body uh jejunum we can say cholecystojugena ostomy sounds uh intimidating but really if you just break it down chole systol jejuna ostomy is new opening between the gallbladder and the jejunum and labia is lip cell uh labyrinth glossopharyngeal pertaining to the lips tongue and throat now you have lingual lip life adant or palatal pancreas so sublingual uh lipogenesis formation of fat we don't like that uh lithotripsy is crushing of stones in the bile ducts so if you get uh kidney stones or stones oral oropharynx okay the region of the throat near the mouth collateral phytoplasty surgical repair the palate and then pancreatic is pertaining to the pancreas again lingual mean tongue lipple fat little stone or danto tooth plateau and pancreas procto pyro rectal cylinden cyaladine spleen state and stomata so let's look at proctor's anus and rectum so you see a proctologist he is one that specializes in the anus rectum pyloro pyloroplasty is surgical repair of the primary sphincter you can get rectum so rectal stenosis tightening of the rectum cylodine so think about this acyladenectomy is removal of the salivary gland state doria is discharged of fat in the feces and stomata stomata titus is inflammation of the mouth so which term means enlarged liver so we've got to look at liver hepatomegaly so that's c um what are some laboratory tests again amylase and lipase test test for levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in the blood there's liver function tests lfts test for enzymes and bilirubin in the blood you can do a stool culture test for microorganisms in the stool or stool guide test or chemical test test detect blood in the feces so they can test this for colon cancer which is a flying test for the for the clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted serum d is lfts liver function tests lts test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in the serum or some clinical procedures well of course you can do x-rays really they're known as radiographs lower gi series barium enema into upper gi series even coleno geography or computed tomography or ct scan in the colon geography how does the contrast material enter the body okay do you drink it or how does it get there again these are just things to think about you can have an ultrasound exam so abdominal sonography which is endoscope ultrasonography you can do an mri which is a magnetic resistance and then you can do nuclear medicine hepatobiliary immunodissectic acids that can which is a hidden scan which test is used to examine the gallbladder do you think okay which test creates a scan of the liver so that would be this one nuclear medicine test compatibility amino acid scan and which test is used to examine the gallbladder you can do uh ultrasound now here's some uh surgeries and in your discussion we're probably gonna go uh you're gonna talk about this there's the gastric bypass or bariatric surgery so that reduces the stomach size the bariatric surgery but bypass you can bypass the entire stomach as well gi gastrointestinal endoscopies which is a visual exam of the gi tract laparoscopy is a visual exam of the abdomen liver biopsy removal of liver tissue for microscopic exams a nasal gastric intubation insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach paracentesis or abdominocentesis is punctured to remove fluid from the abdomen if you've heard of amniocentesis when you're pregnant they'll take a culture from the pregnant of your amnion fluid which procedure is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen that would be d abdominocentesis because centesis means puncture to remove fluid here's some abbreviations afp alt b bm brb pr cdct egd ercp you're like what does that mean well afp means alpha fetal protein alkyl phosphate means alkaline phosphate alt ast as ali99 and transverse aspertism these are all blood tests um be barium enema bm bowel movement br bpr bright red blood per rectum we don't want to see brb r cd is celiac disease computed tomography ct egd esophogo gastroduodenoscopy ercp is the endoscope retrograde coal line geopancreatography so break it down right graphy pancreato angio coal right let's see what what's going on here uh here's some more abbreviations eus fobt g2 gb gerd gi hpv ibt g2 j-tube lac and lft so eus is endoscope ultrasonography fobt fecal occult blood test g2 gastroenter gallbladder gerd gastroesophageal reflux disease gi gastrointestinal hbv hepatitis b virus ibd inflammatory bowel disease j-tube jeju ostomy tube feeding tube lac laparoscopic assisted colectomy lft's liver function tests mri nash ng tube npo peg pc pj pthc pud ptn tpn and t tube so you've heard of these before and these all deal with the gi so this would be good to know because they use that in the medical charts all the time so mri is a magnetic resonance imaging nash is non-alcoholic straight toe hepatitis ng tube is a nasogastric tube and po means nothing by mouth peg2 percutaneous endoscopic gastroentemy tube pj for cutaneous endoscopy jugenostomy tube so that's in the stomach and that's in the jejunum pthc percutaneous trans hepatic colin geography hud peptic ulcer disease tpn total prior and sterile nutrition okay so what is tbn total paraenteral nutrition t tube is a tube placed in the bile duct for drainage into a small pouch on the outside of the body so you'll see npo you'll see tpn uh uh and a lot of patients that are admitted to the hospital you want to know me make sure what that means if npo that means nothing by mouth okay tpn how are they getting their nutrition okay asantesis chesya hexia exorcist ectomy emesis emia genesis we talked about these so ace is an enzyme centesis puncture to remove fluid chesia defecation illumination of waste um actasia or ectasis is stretching dilation and expansion those mean the same thing ectomy is removal emesis is vomiting mea is a blood condition like anemia and genesis is produced forming graphy isis lysis megaly orexia pathy pepsi aphasia so graphy process of recording isis is an abnormal condition megaly is enlargement again these are just a review again orexia appetite pathy disease pepsi and digestion basia eating or swelling we've uh said these over and over again now cranioplasty ptosis tysos raja rajya rafi and ria so pondial is meal plasti is surgical removal ptosis is droop sag ridge is bursting forth rafia suture and ria as flow or discharge all right so again the there's lots of things that uh are repeating itself now and you're getting more and more used to these uh just gotta make flash cards scopey spasm stasis stenosis tommy tomi and treasure again i went over these early on but scopey is visual spasm is sudden contraction of muscles stasis is stopped stenosis is tightening stomy is new opening tomi is process of cutting and treasure is the opening so a lot of these are a repeat um but this is just more review for you um again it's just a matter of seeing it over and over again and basically quizzing each other and just going over it good luck