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History and Traditions of Oxford University

May 12, 2025

Lecture Notes: University of Oxford

Introduction

  • University of Oxford is known as "The Keeper of History."
  • Exact founding date unknown, but education was underway in 1096.
  • Oldest university in the English-speaking world.
  • Notable alumni include 28 Nobel laureates, 27 British Prime Ministers, and notable figures like Margaret Thatcher, Bill Clinton, Oscar Wilde, and actors such as Hugh Grant and Rowan Atkinson.

The University and Its Name

  • Named after the city of Oxford.
  • "Oxford" comes from Anglo-Saxon "Oxenaford," meaning oxen’s crossing.
  • Located at a shallow crossing on the River Thames.

University Structure

  • A city within a city, with 38 autonomous colleges.
  • Equipped with dorms, shops, pubs, and restaurants.
  • Had its own police until 2003.
  • Over 100 libraries, including the Bodleian Library, Europe's oldest.

Bodleian Library

  • Founded in 1602.
  • Famous for a historical rule prohibiting fires inside.
  • Requires visitors to take an oath to not harm the library or bring fire.

Architectural and Cultural Significance

  • Radcliffe Camera is part of the Bodleian, used in Harry Potter filming.
  • Inspiration for Hogwarts derived from Oxford's architecture.

Historical Timekeeping

  • "Oxford time" historically 5 minutes ahead of London.
  • Time was synchronized across Britain with electricity and radio, except Oxford.

Historical Development and Conflicts

  • Schooling at Oxford existed since 1096, but unclear when it became a university.
  • Developed rapidly after Henry II banned English students from Paris.
  • Tensions with townspeople led to the "Town and Gown" conflicts.
  • Students and teachers once fled to Cambridge, founding the University of Cambridge.

College Foundations and Traditions

  • First colleges were essentially dorms.
  • University College, Balliol College, and Merton College are among the oldest.
  • Colleges were founded in the 13th century and named often after their founders.

Academics and Traditions

  • Early studies focused on theology and the seven liberal arts.
  • Education was in Latin; lectures were both mandatory and optional.
  • Weekly debates were a part of the curriculum.
  • Oxford is steeped in tradition, with college-specific customs, such as formal dinners and wearing robes for exams.

Cultural Events and Legacy

  • May Morning celebration with the Magdalen College Choir.
  • Maintains continuity of traditions, quality education, and historical architecture.

Conclusion

  • Oxford as a symbol of human development.
  • Emphasizes tradition and educational excellence.

Additional Resources

  • Explore more about Oxford's medieval dormitories and student life.
  • Interested in foreign education? Visit our website to learn more about educational institutions worldwide.