is a hydraulic system lalu young fluid is flowing in a pipe system so guys other terminology nothing for head loss i pressure drop at binababas input energy head so by definition head losses are the energy losses in a hydraulic system due to frictional resistance so due to some factors uh mostly properties then on pipes and inside the pipe there is a flowing fluid some slowing and metal flow rate and pressure position fluid but since flowing eye fluids a pipe so my portion on flowing fluid were in my contact densa by pulse and due to that contact alumni two particles or objects or matter that are directly in contact with each other causes friction it depends on unknown type of material young pipe is kapaka flowing in fluid several nulling pipe uh inside the pipe there is a flowing fluid so meronyong flow and pressure so now uh piezometer just nothing points one and two so at a certain run of pipe i bubba an energy grid line so it is sloped down at your energy head from point one to point two is being decreased so in difference energy grid from point one to point two union head loss due to pi friction so what happened considers a system then we conclude that the system is ideal but since well elemental ideal system in actual so theoretically in actual application like engineering design my encounter is a system so for a non-ideal system then e sub 1 minus jung total head loss of my encounter density system equals e sub 2 then e sub 1 minus e sub 2 is equal to the total head loss it's an input energy head losses some piping system at united young major head losses at young minor head losses in major head losses major head losses i mostly under by other components in the system rather than pipes so usually in a cause by pipe size enlargement pipe size contraction because it's a hydraulic system a hindi name onion uniformly in pipe sizes so along the run i did not reduce or pipe size so another cost of minor head loss i from fittings gynum bands t and other kinds of fittings and some components and opportunities so classify oh my water supply engineering and for the meantime major and minor head losses are mostly from empirical formulas through experimental procedures at paradito's major head losses i merong that long empirical formula style gaga meeting formulas for engineering design now gamete in actual practice darcy weisbach formula so this formula is named after henry darcy and julius weisbach so they are both european scientists and engineers that give contribution to fluid mechanics so young general equation for uh darcy weisbach formula is h sub f so it is a major head loss h sub f that is head loss due to pipes friction is equal to f l over d times velocity head or v square over 2 g wherein f is the friction factor or sometimes called as the darcy friction factor so unitless yen at hindi constantine f so depending on the characteristics later on so young l is the pipeline so it's in terms of meters or feet b is uh pipe diameter so that is in meters or feet so nothing diameter inside the ammeter and you nominal diameter in the metallica pipe is always the inside diameter so v is the average velocity or flow velocity in meters per second or feet per second then g is the acceleration due to gravity so that's 9.81 meters per second square for s i and for english that is 32.2 feet per second square so nothing in modifying formula so what if q you given the data formula versus formula of head loss in terms of velocity so young velocity hadith on a v square over 2g i put the nothing but nothing formula 8 q squared over pi squared g d raised to 4. so i want summer substitute and it is a formula so that is 9.81 meters per second square so in my opinion a constant value is zero point zero eight two six so you're making formula enough for darcy wasteback formula for head loss in s in in terms of q is hf is equal to 0.0826 f times l times q squared all over d raised to five so take note long name q theta should be in terms of cubic meters per second since four s i units gain formula so gonna go in that in parasite english units each f is equal to f l over d times velocity head in terms of q or eight q squared over pi squared g d raised to four so paranormal value nancy 0.025 so i'm again formula 10 would be each sub f is equal to 0.0252 f l q squared over d raised to 5. so um h sub f i in feet then s a in terms of fit then s for this formula should be in terms of cubic feet per second f is characterized by some factors gain and pipe diameter and the roughness height epsilon then it can also be characterized by the viscosity of the fluid and also the velocity so by the ring characteristics would be v sub c or center line velocity is equal to gamma times h sub l times r sub o square all over four times l times mu so paranam and this average velocity the average velocity is equal to one half centerline velocity translate your centerline velocity into average velocity so young gigging working equation is v or average velocity is equal to one half times the quantity of gamma times h sub l times r sub o square all over four times l times mu so multiplying atom a constant data so that would become v is equal to gamma times h sub l times r sub o square all over eight times l times mu so and attention formula in head loss so imma modify nothing later on you formula na formula is for average velocity equation is forehead loss replicate nothing young formula for darcy wisbach headless formula so expand copying equation gamma or young specific weight will be translated into roji then you are sub reduce no pipe would be translated in terms of diameter so that would be d over two so you're making a resultant equation i would be v is equal to rho times g times h sub l times the quantity of d over 2 square all over 8 times l times mu let's instead of replicating an atom you darcy with back equation i put v square in and it is acting working equation so v longitude has a working equation so going up and multiply not in both sides squares equation resulting equation would be v squared is equal to rho g h sub l d squared over four times v all over eight l mu so minus equation young d so making a resultant equation i would be v square is equal to rho g h sub l times d times d times v all over 32 l times which is equivalent to the reynolds number but since equivalent ions are in its number then the resulting equation would be v square is equal to the reynolds number re times d times g times h sub l all right hand side of the equation so that is h sub l is equal to 32 times l times v square all over r e times d times g so since it replicates magnet and you 2g but nothing and multiply both numerator and denominator to two so up again i'm multiplying the net in both numerator and denominator to 2 then the resulting equation is h sub l is equal to 64 over reynolds number so a hula i could addition function is similar than the darcy was back equation so that is l over d times velocity head so then times velocity head or v square over 2g so a conclusion at the end so if laminar flow then the value of f or the friction factor is 64 over reynolds number science new formulas for f one i for smooth and rough pipes so f is equal to eight tau sub o over rho times v square or also equal to eight v sub s square over b square so in v sub s d i young shear or friction velocity so for number two unconditional one is for smooth pipes wherein the reynolds number ranges between three thousand to one hundred thousand so this formula equation is from bliss use a german physicist so f in volume f is equal to 0.316 over reynolds number raised to 0.25 so copper gun conditioner man is for smooth pipes with reynolds number to about 3 million super turbulent so i think equation 1 over the square root of f is equal to two log times the quantity of reynolds number times the square root of f minus zero point eight so but then i think i'm eating equations memorized [Music] we're in the value of the nominal thickness of the viscosub layer now this is not in the last video is sigma sub t is less than 0.3 by epsilon so epsilon is the absolute roughness or the roughness height in millimeters so this equation is known as karman equation so that is 1 over the square root of f equals 2 log times the quantity of d over e plus one point one four wherein value now sigma sub t or the nominal thickness of viscosub layer is 11.6 times v times the square root of the sharing stress tau sub o all over rho or the fluid's density so on solid domain i almost commonly use nah way number determine or number compute non-volume f or non-friction factor turbulent flow so in this condition this is for uh smooth and rough pipe then turbulent flow at young equation i think that in colebrook equation so your formula is one over the square root of f is equal to negative two log times the quantity of epsilon so young epsilon roughness is plotted into a graph in practice uh figure i may relation between epsilon and diameter or epsilon over b young reynolds number no flow between epsilon and the pipe diameter is the relative roughness sunglasses formula naman halen formula by s e holland so similarly london shahalo's then so-called brooks equation that is 1 over the square root of f is equal to negative 1.8 log times the quantity of 6.9 over reynolds number plus the quantity of the relative roughness ratio epsilon over d over three point seven raised to one point eleven so it is thank you so much