Overview
The transcript describes the pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical consequences of primary open-angle glaucoma as depicted in the referenced diagram.
Pathophysiology of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Progressive optic neuropathy is characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons.
- Increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow occurs at the trabecular meshwork.
- Chronic elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key factor but may not always be present.
Risk Factors
- Advanced age increases the likelihood of developing primary open-angle glaucoma.
- A positive family history is a significant risk factor.
- African descent and certain genetic predispositions are associated with elevated risk.
- Other risk factors include myopia, hypertension, and diabetes.
Clinical Features and Consequences
- The disease is typically asymptomatic in early stages, with gradual loss of peripheral vision.
- If untreated, it progresses to irreversible optic nerve damage and potential blindness.
- Visual field defects progress centripetally, eventually affecting central vision.
Recommendations / Advice
- Early detection and regular screening are crucial, especially for those with risk factors.
- Reduction of intraocular pressure, through medications or surgery, is the mainstay of therapy to prevent disease progression.