Science Class: Transport of Nutrients in the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

Overview

• Objective: Understand how nutrients are transported in the human body via the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Respiratory System

• Function: Responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
• Parts of the Respiratory System:
  • Nose and Mouth: Entry points for oxygen.
  • Nasal Cavity/Passageways: Warm, dampen, and clean air of particles.
  • Pharynx: Throat.
  • Larynx: Voice box.
  • Trachea: Known as the windpipe, it serves as a passageway for air into the lungs.
  • Lungs: Main organs, humans have a pair.
  • Bronchi: Two branching tubes connecting trachea to lungs.
  • Bronchioles: Hair-like tubes leading to alveoli.
  • Alveoli: Site of gas exchange.

Breathing Process

• Inhalation:
  • Oxygen enters the body.
  • Ribs move out, chest space increases.
  • Diaphragm moves down (contracts).
• Exhalation:
  • Carbon dioxide exits the body.
  • Ribs move in, chest space decreases.
  • Diaphragm moves up (relaxes).

Circulatory System

• Also Known As: Cardiovascular system.
• Function: Delivers materials through the body, works with other systems.
• Major Parts:
  • Heart: Pumps blood, main organ.
  • Blood Vessels: Carry blood, types include:
    • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
    • Veins: Carry blood towards the heart.
    • Capillaries: Connect arteries and veins, site of gas and nutrient exchange.
  • Blood: Carries materials throughout the body.

Heart Details

• Size: As big as a fist.
• Chambers:
  • Atria (Right & Left): Receiving chambers, accept blood from the body and lungs.
  • Ventricles (Right & Left): Pumping chambers, move blood to lungs and body.
• Valves: Prevent backward blood flow, act as one-way doors.
• Blood Flow Pathway:
  • Enters via superior and inferior vena cava.
  • Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs.
  • Oxygenated blood via pulmonary vein → left atrium → bicuspid valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → body.

Integration of Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

• Process:
  • Air enters lungs, oxygen moves to left part of the heart, driven into the bloodstream.
  • Heart pumps blood carrying nutrients and oxygen to cells.
  • Cells release energy, give off carbon dioxide.
  • Blood delivers carbon dioxide to the right heart, pumped to lungs, expelled during exhalation.

Types of Circulation

• Pulmonary Circulation: Blood movement from heart to lungs and back.
• Coronary Circulation: Blood movement through heart tissues.
• Systemic Circulation: Blood movement from heart to rest of body (excluding lungs).

Conclusion

• Respiratory and circulatory systems are crucial for nutrient and waste transport.
• Types of circulation demonstrate the body's method of distributing and removing materials effectively.

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