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C++ DSA Course Lecture Notes

Jul 21, 2024

C++ DSA Course Lecture Notes

Introduction

  • Presenter: Urvi
  • Topic: Introduction to C++ DSA Course

Agenda

  1. What is programming?
  2. Why do we program?
  3. Types of programming languages
  4. Introduction to C++
  5. Overview of course content

What is Programming?

  • Example: Making tea with instructions to someone who doesn't know how to make it.
  • Programming Definition: Giving a machine a set of instructions to perform a specific task.
    • Machines donтАЩt understand human languages like Hindi.
    • Machines understand binary language (0s and 1s).
  • Program: A set of instructions given to a computer to complete a task.

Types of Programming Languages

Machine Level Language

  • Comprises binary code (0s and 1s).
  • Directly understood by the hardware (low-level language).
  • Examples: Writing code to make the computer perform 3 + 5.
  • *Challenges:
    • Tedious and error-prone.
    • Specific to the machine architecture.*

Assembly Level Language

  • Uses mnemonics instead of binary (e.g., ADD 3, 5).
  • Easier to understand and read.
  • Still specific to computer architecture.

High-Level Language

  • Closer to human language (e.g., English words).
  • Requires a compiler or interpreter to convert to machine code.
  • Examples: C, C++, Java.

High-Level Language Types

Procedural Language

  • Code is written as a set of procedures or functions.
  • Follows a structural order.
  • Examples: C, BASIC, Pascal.

Functional Language

  • Code written as functions.
  • Functions take inputs (parameters) and return outputs.
  • Examples: Python, JavaScript.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

  • Code is written using objects and classes.
  • Class: Blueprint for creating similar objects, defines properties and methods.
    • Example: Car class with properties like number of wheels and methods like start and stop.
  • Objects: Instances of classes.
  • Advantages: Code reusability and modularity.
  • Examples: C++, Java.

C++ Programming Language

  • A popular high-level, object-oriented programming language.
  • Developed in 1979.
  • Supports procedural programming as well.
  • Compatible with major operating systems (Windows, UNIX).
  • Features: Fast performance, supports both object-oriented and procedural programming.
  • Application: Widely used in system/software development, competitive programming.

Course Structure Overview

Basic Concepts

  1. Introduction to C++ (covered in this lecture)
  2. Installation of code editor (next video)
  3. Writing the first C++ program
  4. Variables, Input/Output operations, Operators
  5. Control structures: If-else, loops (for, while, do-while)
  6. Understanding and writing functions.
  7. Arrays (1D and 2D), Binary Search, Sorting algorithms.
  8. Strings, Pointers, Dynamic memory allocation.

Advanced Concepts

  1. Recursion and Backtracking.
  2. Time and space complexity.
  3. Object-Oriented Programming in depth.
  4. Data Structures: Linked lists, stacks, queues, trees (binary, binary search tree), heaps, and priority queues.
  5. Advanced topics: Graphs, Dynamic Programming, Tries, Huffman coding.
  6. Practice problems for each topic.

Additional Resources

  • Detailed notes for each topic.
  • Live doubt-solving sessions.
  • Advanced coding problems.

Conclusion

  • This video sets the foundation for the C++ DSA course.
  • Upcoming videos will cover installation of the code editor and writing the first C++ program.
  • Exciting journey ahead!

Full transcript