Naming Conventions of Hydrocarbons

Key Considerations

1. Functional Group
   • Type of hydrocarbon: alkane, alkene, or alkyne.
   • Position of the double (alkene) or triple bond (alkyne).
2. Number of Carbon Atoms
3. Substituents and Their Positions

Functional Groups

• Alkane: Single bonds only.
• Alkene: Contains a double bond. The position of the double bond must be specified.
• Alkyne: Contains a triple bond. The position of the triple bond must be specified.

Steps for Naming Hydrocarbons

1. Find the Longest Continuous Carbon Chain
   • This chain contains the main functional group.
   • Prefix is determined by the number of carbon atoms.
   • Example prefixes:
     • 1 Carbon: Meth (Methane)
     • 8 Carbons: Oct (Octane)
2. Determine the Suffix
   • Based on the functional group:
     • Alkane: -ane
     • Alkene: -ene
     • Alkyne: -yne
   • Examples:
     • Two-carbon alkane: Ethane
     • Two-carbon alkene: Ethene
     • Two-carbon alkyne: Ethyne

Examples of Naming

• Butane: 4 carbons, single bonds (Butane).
• Pentane: 5 carbons, single bonds (Pentane).
• 1-Butene: Double bond between 1st and 2nd carbons.
• 2-Butene: Double bond between 2nd and 3rd carbons.

Numbering the Carbon Chain

• Functional groups (alkenes/alkynes) receive the smallest number.
• Substituents should also receive the smallest number possible.

Substituents

• Definition: Groups/branches not part of the main carbon chain.
  • Example: Methyl group (CH3) in a molecule of Propane, known as Methylpropane.
• Haloalkanes: Hydrocarbons with halogen atoms.
  • Naming example: 1-Bromopropane
    • 3-carbon chain (Propane)
    • Bromine attached to the 1st carbon.

Common Substituents

• Methyl: CH3-
• Ethyl: C2H5-
• Fluoro: F-
• Chloro: Cl-
• Bromo: Br-
• Iodo: I-

Make sure to review the names and structure of the substituents provided in the table.