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RFC 1149 Overview

Jul 12, 2025

Overview

This lecture presents RFC 1149, a humorous experimental specification for transmitting IP datagrams using birds (avian carriers) instead of electronic networks.

Purpose and Scope

  • RFC 1149 describes a method for IP datagram transmission via avian carriers, mainly in metropolitan networks.
  • The method is experimental and not recommended as a standard.
  • Intended for use where traditional electronic networking is unavailable or impractical.

Transmission Method

  • IP datagrams are printed in hexadecimal on scrolls of paper.
  • Each octet is separated by "whitestuff" and "blackstuff" for clarity.
  • The scroll is attached to a bird's leg using duct tape.
  • Bandwidth depends on leg length; typical Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is 256 mg.
  • MTU can increase as the carrier (bird) ages.
  • Upon arrival, the scroll is removed and scanned electronically for data recovery.

Network Characteristics

  • Avian carriers provide high delay, low throughput, and low altitude service.
  • Network topology is point-to-point per carrier, but multiple birds can operate simultaneously.
  • Birds have natural collision avoidance and are not limited to line-of-sight communication.
  • Central hub topologies enable some connection-oriented services.

Reliability and Maintenance

  • Birds have self-regenerating properties, allowing for persistent delivery retries.
  • Delivery can be affected by storms, potentially causing data loss.
  • Audit trails are naturally generated (found on logs and trays).
  • A prioritized "pecking order" can be established for service priority.

Security Considerations

  • Security is generally sufficient, but data encryption is recommended in tactical situations.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Avian Carrier — A bird used for transporting data packets physically between locations.
  • IP Datagram — A basic unit of data transfer in the Internet Protocol, here represented in paper form.
  • MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) — The largest size of a data packet that can be sent; here, determined by the bird's leg.
  • Whitestuff/Blackstuff — Visual separations for encoding data on paper.
  • Collision Avoidance — Birds’ natural ability to avoid each other during flight to minimize transmission interference.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • No specific homework or readings assigned; review core concepts of network transmission methods and protocol experimentation.