Lecture on Sherman's March and the Civil War

Introduction

• William Tecumseh Sherman: A controversial figure in American history known for his role in the Civil War, particularly his march through Georgia.
• Setting: Spring of 1864 during the American Civil War; Lincoln's re-election hinged on military success.
• Backdrop: The North is weary of war, and Lincoln's political opponents push for peace with the Confederacy.

The Situation in 1864

• Atlanta's Significance: A crucial railroad hub and manufacturing center for the Confederacy.
• Sherman's Objective: To capture Atlanta, which would be a significant blow to the Confederacy.
• Confederate Defense: Led by Joseph Eggleston Johnston, later replaced by John Bell Hood.

Sherman's Campaign

• Sherman's Tactics: Known for outflanking rather than direct assaults; however, faced setbacks, such as the failed assault at Kennesaw Mountain.
• Union Strategy: Outmaneuver Johnston and destroy Confederate infrastructure.
• Confederate Strategy: Johnston aimed to delay and preserve his army but was often outmaneuvered.

Atlanta's Fall

• Hood's Aggression: Replaced Johnston, attempted direct attacks but failed.
• Sherman's Siege: Bombarded Atlanta, cutting off supply lines, leading to its evacuation.
• Impact of Atlanta's Capture: Revitalized Northern morale and secured Lincoln's re-election.

Sherman's March to the Sea

• Objective: To weaken the Confederate war effort by destroying resources and infrastructure.
• Impact: Psychological blow to Confederate morale; demonstrated Union dominance.

Aftermath and Legacy

• Reconstruction: Sherman's actions remain controversial. Seen as both a hero and a symbol of war's brutality.
• Historical Perspectives: Over time, views on Sherman have shifted, reflecting broader changes in societal values and historical interpretation.

Personal Accounts and Impact

• Civilian Experience: Destruction of homes and infrastructure deeply impacted the local population.
• African American Experience: Mixed impact; led to temporary hopes of land ownership (Field Order 15).

Conclusion

• Sherman's actions in Georgia were pivotal in the Civil War, significantly affecting the outcome and reshaping the nation's future.
• His tactics and the resulting devastation left a lasting legacy on American martial strategy and historical memory.