AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2025
DIRECTIONS: Complete the following questions and/or vocabulary items to help you prepare for your final exam.
1. What does a Mercator projection look like? It distorts the sizes of the lands.
2. Why are all maps distorted? Because you cannot display a 3d shape on a 2d object.
3. What is absolute location? The precise coordinates of a point.
4. What is GPS? GPS: global positioning system.
5. What is GIS? GIS: geographic information system, geographically referenced information.
6. What does a Choropleth map look like? A thematic map uses color variations.
7. What does a Cartogram look like? Shows diagrammatic statistics.
8. What is arithmetic density? How many people live in a specific area.
9. Understand how to interpret population pyramids. Narrow base shows low birth rate as small numbers of children are born
10. What happens to fertility rates as societies advance in medicine and technology? Fertility rates would go up because of the new options to have children.
11. Define ethnocentrism. the belief that your own cultural or ethnic group is superior to other culture or ethnic groups
12. What is a cultural landscape? Give an example. embodies the associations and uses that evoke a sense of history for a specific place. EX. rice terraces of philippine cordilleras.
13. What are the primary religions of South America, the Middle East, and Asia? Catholic, Judaism and christianity, buddhists.
14. What is cultural diffusion? the spread of cultural trends across locations
15. What is a centrifugal force? the apparent outward force on a mass when it is rotate
16. What is a centripetal force? an attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state
17. What is a superimposed boundary? a political boundary that has been imposed on a region by an external authority, often without regard for the existing cultural or ethnic divisions among the local populations
18. What is a relict boundary? a former boundary that no longer exists but still holds significance, usually economic or cultural
19. What was the effect of the Berlin Conference? established the legal claim by Europeans that all of Africa could be occupied by whomever could take it
20. Define gerrymandering. The manipulation of electoral districts to gain an advantage in elections.
21. Where are the tropics located on the globe? between the Tropic of Cancer (roughly 23.5-degrees North latitude) and the Tropic of Capricorn (roughly 23.5 degrees-South Latitude)
22. What is extensive agriculture? System of crop cultivation using small amounts of labor and capital in relation to area of land being farmed
23. What is the township-and-range survey system? designed to facilitate the orderly settlement and sale of land during westward expansion in the United States
24. Where was corn first domesticated? Southwest Mexico
25. What is the Green Revolution? the emergence of new varieties of crops, specifically wheat and rice varietals, that were able to double if not triple production of those crops in two countries
26. Define site. The specific physical characteristics and location of a place, including its natural features, resources, and built environment
27. Define situation. relates to its surrounding features, both human-made and natural
28. What are megacities? an urban or metropolitan area which has a population over 10 million people
29. What is Central Place theory? the number, size and range of market services in a commercial system or human settlements in a residential system
30. Describe the Southeast Asian city model and the Latin American city model. SAC: Residential areas in the McGee Model are often diverse and include both high-income and low-income housing surrounding various activity nodes. The McGee Model emphasizes the importance of cultural influences and historical context in shaping the urban form and function of Southeast Asian cities LAC: a theoretical framework that describes the urban structure of many Latin American cities, emphasizing the spatial organization and social stratification that typically exists in these areas
31. What are “primary” economic activities? agricultural and animal products, forestry and logging, mining, oil, and gas extraction
32. What is the primary consideration for industrial location in traditional theory? the early models and frameworks developed to explain the internal structure of cities, focusing on patterns of urban land use and social dynamics.
33. What is the Human Development Index score, and how do we interpret it? a value between 0 and 1. The higher a country's human development, the higher its HDI value
34. What is deindustrialization, and where has it happened? (Core, semi-periphery, periphery) the reduction of manufacturing industry within an economy, measured by the decline in output and employment in manufacturing. It has happened in the Core.