Title:
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Markdown Content:
165 ...
# 166 ...
#
# 2...
#
?
1
3...
(.)
... .
.
...
-- -- -
> ...
2555 4...
... .
2555
. 8
? 2551
(unconventional monetary policy)
10 ?
?
# () 5...
-- -
...
2563 1
#
> ECONOMICS What How For Whom
TAX CURRENCY EXCHANGE IMPORT EXPORT
# 08
## 2
# 36
> Resources Limited
## 3 :
> SELL BUY B
## 4 : 56
1
?
60
2
61
3
... ?
# 18 26 Inflation GDP Financial Stability
> 123
## 7 103 5
?
# 126 106 5 79
4
## 6
## 8 112 6
GDP ?
120 7
?
123 8
## 9 () 130
9
?
142 10
(unconventional
monetary policy)
144 11
# 151 152
:
?
154
(Glossary)
160
164
> Monetary Policy International Monetary Policy Fiscal Policy
# 64 82 94 8...
# 1
#
ECONOMICS What How For Whom TAX CURRENCY EXCHANGE IMPORT EXPORT 9...
10 ...
(make a choice)
trade-off
ECONOMICS
2 OIKOS house
NEMEIN to manage
trade-off
> BASIC ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS TRADE AND FINANCE MICRO ECONOMICS PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
11 ...
> ( 2)
12 ...
Resources scarcity Unlimited wants Make a choice :
# ?
# (Keywords) 13 ...
on the other hand ... (
)
# ?
# ?
> ( ) ( )
Key Points
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
14 ...
# 12
:
(trade-off)
:
15 ...
:
( )
# 3
# ?
>
16 ...
#
2
1. (Microeconomics)
( 3)
2.
(Macroeconomics)
17 ...
##
18 ...
# 2
#
## (Scarcity)
(scarcity) (unlimited wants) (limited resources)
(opportunity cost)
> Resources Limited
19 ...
Key Points
> (unlimited wants) / (limited resources)
## (scarce goods)
:
1.
2. 20 ...
# (Choice and Opportunity Cost)
21 ...
# ?
SCB EIC ( 7 )
: SCB EIC 31 2562
4 400,000 . 6 80,000
4
80,000 x 4 = 320,000 400,000 + 320,000 = 720,000
36,169 23,575 16,955 14,205 14,088 22 ...
(alternative choices) (next best alternative)
24 1 200,000
150,000 120,000
150,000
( 150,000 + 120,000 = 270,000 )
# Exam Tip
()
200,000 150,000 120,000 23 ...
100
110
( )
600
600
50 10
500
600
Key Points
>
>
>
>
>
>
> (next best alternative)
>
>
# ?
> (sustainable)
## 24 ...
#
## (Basic Problems of Economics) :
##
3
3
3
25 ...
## What ? -->
How ? -->
## for Whom ? -->
## 26 ...
> SELL BUY
B
# 3
# :
# 27 ...
# ? : (Economic Units)
>
> 1.
>
>
> 2.
>
> 3.
>
>
>
>
> 4.
> ()
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
28 ...
# ?
4
(land)
(labour)
(capital)
(entrepreneurship)
? () 1
(land)
(rent)
(labour)
(wage salary) (capital)
(interest)
(entrepreneurship)
(profit) 29 ...
#
##
2
() ( ) 300
250
240 260
260 260
(economic units)
1)
2)
(
)
3)
> economic units
30 ...
##
## household business firm government 31 ...
#
1. (capitalism)
Key Points
# capitalism 32 ...
() ()
( ) (what) (how)
(for whom)
# ?
> ( ) () (invisible hand)
( 4)
# Exam Tip
33 ...
oversupply
> 2. (socialism)
(what) (how) (for whom) 34 ...
> 3. (mixed economy)
(
) ( )
##
35 ...
##
(what), (how), (for whom)
>
(what) (how) (for whom)
36 ...
# 4
# :
() ()
/
37 ...
#
#
2
30
20 3
40
1 2 3
Key Points
>
>
> 2
> (1)
> (willing to pay) (2)
> (ability
> to pay)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
38 ...
(demand)
(law of demand)
() (individual demand) (market demand)
...?
(/) 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 43 ()
> (/) ()
> 50 40 30 20 10 013875 (/) 50 40 30 20 10 012354 () (/) 50 40 30 20 10 01234 () (/) 50 40 30 20 10 024616 14 12 10 8
> 10
> 30 = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 ()
> 235
39 ...
Key Points
>
>
>
> 2 (1)
> (willing to sell)
> (2)
> (ability to sell)
>
>
>
>
>
>
#
25 50 30
70 20
30 30 50 70
14,000
20,000
(supply)
(law of supply) 40 ...
? ? (individual supply) (market supply)
...?
#
() (/) 35 30 25 20 15 10 50 20 95 100 120 80 40 60 25 = 50 + 30 + 15 = 95
95
> 35 30 25 20 15 10 50
(/) () 10 20 15 30
15
> 35 30 25 20 15 10 50
(/) () 10 20 30 50 40
30
(/) () 35 30 25 20 15 10 50 20 40 60 50 80
50
(/) 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 40 30 () 41 ...
50 30 210
180 (excess supply)
50
(120 ) 35
(price mechanism)
Key Points
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
(/.) (.) (.)
50 30 210 45 60 180 40 90 150 35 120 120 30 150 90 25 180 60 20 210 30 42 ...
# Exam Tip
# Exam Tip
(plenty of choice)
(equilibrium point)
> 20 ( : )
...?
ESupply (S) Demand (D)
35 120
43 ...
#
(change
in demand) (change in supply)
1.
(normal goods)
3 (inferior goods)
( ) 44 ...
2.
(substitute goods) (complementary goods)
3.
(brand loyalty)
4.
80
5.
iPhone
# ?
>
45 ...
>
> 1.
> 2.
> 3.
14,000 20,000
> 4.
( )
> 5.
46 ...
##
()
# Exam Tip
(shift)
shift
shift
( :
)
3 47 ...
#
( )
(/.) (.) (.) (.)
50 30 90 210 45 60 120 180 40 90 150 150 35 120 180 120 30 150 210 90 25 180 240 60 20 210 270 30
35 120
( )
35
180 120
60
40 150
48 ...
( )
D DEE1S
> 1
> ( : )
...?
DEE11SS
49 ...
#
1 ( )
(
)
2 ( )
( )
> DDSEE1S
>
> SEE1S
>
> DDSEE1S
>
> 11111
> DDSEE1S
> D DSEE1S
>
> DDSEE1S
>
> 1
> 11111
50 ...
> D DSEE1S
>
>
> DD
>
> 1
> 11
> DDSES
> SEE1S
>
> DDSEE1S
>
> 1E11111
> DDSES
> SEE1S
>
> DDSEE1S
>
> 1E1
> 1111
3 ( )
(
)
1 ( )
(
)
2 ( )
( )
51 ...
> DSEE1S
>
> DD
> D
>
> 111
3 ( )
(
)
#
52 ...
10 40 50
60 150 90
(%)
(50-40)/40 = 25% (90-150)/150 = -40%
elastic
inelastic
# Exam Tip
() -40%/25% = -1.6 =
- - 1 () elastic 1 ()
inelastic
% % 53 ...
( )
70,000 2550 2 : 1.
2. () ( : ... 10% 30% ) ( : ... )
...? ...? 54 ...
> (/) () ()
50 10 500 40 20 800 30 50 1,500 20 60 1,200
30
30 - 40 40 30
( (30-40)/40 = -25%)
20 50 ( (50-20)/20 = 150%)
(150%/-25%)
= -6 1 ( ) elastic 800 1,500 40 30 ( )
55 ...
/
>
( )
( )
>
( ) ( ) 56 ...
1
?
- 2550 8.8%
2.3% -0.3 (-2.3%/8.8%) -
2553 2.5% 7.5%
-3.0 (-7.5%/2.5%)
- 2553 - 2550
2553 (LPG) (NGV)
80%
GDP 2562 6.7
57 ...
> ? /
...?
1 () ?
2554
91
(sharing economy) Grab Uber 58 ...
= (normal goods) (inferior goods)
3 () = (substitute goods) (complementary goods) . . . . . . . . . . . . ()
% % % % 59 ...
#
=
elastic
inelastic
(1)
(2)
()
> % %
60 ...
## elastic
1 2
1
?
>
> EE1
61 ...
3 ... ?
- -
Gig Economy
(freelance)
1 20
30
2 ()
E1 62 ...
3 () ... ?
(upskill & reskill)
reskilling upskilling (lifelong learning)
growth mindset active learning
(critical thinking) (innovative thinking) (creative thinking)
(project-based)
We cant educate todays students for tomorrows world with yesterdays schools
# ?
> ... (factor-driven) (efficiency-driven) 4 STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
63 ...
##
(what) (how) (for whom)
5 - 7
5 () ()
6
7
64 ...
#
3
()
()
# 5
#
# 65 ...
#
(consumption)
(utility)
(utility) 2 3 1 ()
> ( ) = = ( )
66 ...
4 ( )
#
( 4)
1.
2.
10%
>
...?
# ?
> GDP
67 ...
80 MIDNIGHT SALE
30 -70%
3.
4.
( 3 )
# ?
> 1914
> 1950 200
> Interest rate
68 ...
5.
#
= +
( ) ( )
= +
>
> (retained earnings)
...?
69 ...
#
# ?
> 12 2533 2535 2537 2539 2541 2543 2545 2547 2549 2551 2553 2555 2557 2559 2561 10 86420 :
>
(GDP)
> 100 2553 2558 2563 2568 2573 2578 2583 75 50 25 0 (0-14 ) (60 ) : .. 2553 - 2583
> 10 2 2553
> 6 2583
7 1 *
(aging society) 65 7
(aged society) 65 14 70 ...
#
(profits)
(supply chain)
> (linkages) (forward linkage) (backward linkage)
>
> backward linkage forward linkage backward linkage
> forward linkage
71 ...
(logistics
network)
(just in time)
(source of origin) (source of consumption)
(investment)
(change in inventories)
/
72 ...
(financial investment) / GDP
...? 73 ...
#
(returns)
1. (expected profit)
2. (interest rate)
( )
3.
4.
> investment
74 ...
5.
6.
( 8)
# ?
>
#
75 ...
# ?
1,000
76 ...
# ?
(disrupt) disruptive technology disrupt classic case (Kodak) disrupt disrupt disruptive technology autonomous vehicles disrupt Kodak
# :
##
(multiplier)
# multiplier 77 ...
[] ( ) ( ) [] [] ... [] ( )
(multiplier effect)
[] [] ( ) [] [] 78 ...
#
> ( 7)
79 ...
4
2 (1) (2)
real sector
2551
(
)
>
( )
80 ...
4 ()
>
> /
( 9 )
>
>
## 81 ...
Key Points
##
82 ...
# ?
# 6
#
83 ...
?
(market failure)
# (Market Failures)
## 4
1. (public goods)
free rider ()
2. (externalities) ()
()
> .
>
> :
>
> .
# ?
> 63 5 1 Lahore
84 ...
3. (natural monopoly)
(fair price)
# ?
1,700 1,900 3,500 3,800 23,000
(privatization) 85 ...
4. (asymmetric
information)
# :
(market failures)
2554
# ?
>
86 ...
#
87 ...
#
()
( )
( ) ()
(transfer payments)
#
1.
() GDP ( 8)
> / = / = = = ( )
>
88 ...
2. 3
( 9)
# :
##
100
100
> Debt
> > >
> Debt
89 ...
100
#
##
## ?
( 8)
90 ...
#
?
(Progressive Income Tax : PIT)
# ?
# ?
5 35% 2 - 5 30% 6% 2 3 150,000 1 3 1.5 0.8%
() PIT
1 - 150,000 150,001 - 300,000 5% 300,001 - 500,000 10% 500,001 - 750,000 15% 750,001 - 1,000,000 20% 1,000,001 - 2,000,000 25% 2,000,001 - 5,000,000 30% 5,000,001 35%
400,000 150,000 250,000 2 150,000 5% ( 150,001 - 300,000 ) 100,000 ( 150,000 ) 10% ( 300,001 500,000 ) 17,500 (150,000 X 5% +100,000 X 10% ) 91 ...
SMEs
0% - 20% 20%
VAT Included
( )
7%
7% () ( ) 7% 7% ()
(.)
90%
:
> 2563 ( 2562 - 2563)
> 33.16%
>
> 18.33%
> 3.89%
> 3.14%
>
>
> 0.02%
>
> 0.82%
>
> 40.63%
92 ...
#
? 2563 ( 2563) 7.8 (GDP) 49% GDP 93 ...
## 94 ...
# ?
( )
# 7
# 95 ...
(technology) (specialization)
# Exam Tip
2
() ( ) (supply chain)
...?
(comparative advantage)
96 ...
() ( )
97 ...
# /
?
> ( ) GDP
1 = 30
1 = 1 30 = 1 = 1 () ( ) ()
30 = 1 98 ...
#
##
?
29
100 30 1 36 1 (Baht appreciation)
30 1
30 1 28 1 28 1
> ? ( : )
...? 99 ...
(Baht depreciation)
30 1 32
1
?
( )
( )
(floating exchange rate)
(managed floating exchange rate) (
9)
> (derived demand)
100 ...
# ?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
> ? (settlement)
> ( :) 2536 2553 2561 2562
91.8 80.4 76.8 75.7 0.9 8.2 15.7 16.7 3.9 6.1 2.9 3.0 0.0 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.4 2.7 2.2 2.1 :
...? 101 ...
#
2
>
30 /
1 32 /1
30 /1
28 /1
102 ...
( 9)
## 28 = 1$ 32 = 1$
30 = 1$ 30 = 1$ 103 ...
5 ?
( )
(Foreign Direct Investment) FDI
FDI
1990
( 8) 104 ...
Key Points
( )
( )
() ()
##
( : ) 105 ...
##
( )
()
106 ...
# 8
#
#
> Inflation GDP Financial Stability
> 123
107 ...
4 (1)
(2) (3)
(4)
> 1. (economic growth)
108 ...
3
3
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
(Gross Domestic Income)
(Gross Domestic Expenditure)
1 50 ( ) 50
50
15
10 5 20
( 50 ) ( 50 )
# Exam Tip
109 ...
GDP GDP
4
1. (private consumption
expenditure) ( 5
)
2. (private investment
expenditure) ( 5
)
3. (government expenditure)
( 6
)
= = / * ( ) ( ) * 110 ...
4. (net export) (exports)
(imports)
GDP
GDP
3 (
)
GDP
> GDP
> GDP =C+I+G+(X M)
> C (consumption) I (investment) G (government expenditure) X-M (net export)
100 GDP 100 111 ...
200
(200-100)/100 = 100%
1 100 2
200 (200-100)/100 = 100% 6% 8%
GDP ( ) (economic growth) GDP 10.5
GDP 10
5% ( * 100)
(economic growth)
(sustainable economic growth)
10.5-10 10
> GDP ? GDP Gross Domestic Product GDP
> GDP ( ) ( ) GDP
> GNP (Gross National Product)
> GNP GDP
...? 112 ...
6GDP ?*
GDP 60
1. GDP
2. GDP
GDP
Green GDP GDP (
) GDP
3. GDP
GDP
4. GDP GNH (Gross National Happiness)
2515 (Happy Planet Index : HPI) New Economic Foundation (NEF)
2550 2559 140
( 10 5 ) 1
GDP 108 GDP 113 ...
6 () GDP ? *
inclusive growth
2 1
GDP GDP * ?
www.thaiwellbeing.org (Inclusive Growth)
> () ()
...?
2. (price stability)
114 ...
()
( )
(inflation)
(
)
( ) (deflation)
( )
# Exam Tip
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
115 ...
( ? ) 116 ...
1
( )
100 25 4 50 100
2 100
# ?
2548 2,200,000% 1 100,000,000,000 1,000,000% 2561 2557
2 ()
(spiral) - (wage-price
spiral) 117 ...
3
4
5
100 3%
1 103 5% 10 10.50
103
9.81 10 (5%)
# ?
> wage-price spiral ( ) wage-price spiral
>
...?
(9.81 )
2540 118 ...
6
# ?
(inflation-linked bond) 1981
119 ...
( )
# ?
(mild inflation) 2 - 3%
Key Points
- (price-wage spiral)
120 ...
7 ?
1)
(shale oil)
(automation)
2) (globalization)
(global value chain)
3) e-commerce
(price transparency)
4) (aging society)
121 ...
3. (full employment)
# Exam Tip
(full employment)
4. (income distribution)
(income
inequality)
122 ...
(1) (government spending)
(2) (transfer
payments) ( )
(3)
(progressive income tax)
#
# ?
> (stagflation)
> Phillips Curve
123 ...
8
(economic growth)
- ( 4 ) Ben Bernanke
(economic stability) balance
124 ...
8 ()
1 269,000 (2,790
1 ) 23,600 32,000
(hyper inflation)
30 2
3,250,000%
2548 2561 ( )
125 ...
8 ()
(turnover rate for central banks governorship)
80 56
1
.. 2485
4 .. 2551 (... .)
... . 126 ...
# 9
# ()
> Monetary Policy International Monetary Policy Fiscal Policy
127 ...
3
3 .
3
.
3 3
(1) ( )
# Exam Tip
>
>
>
128 ...
(2) ( ) (3) ( )
3 3
>
>
>
## 3 . 129 ...
#
2 ( )
( )
/
( )
( ) /
( ) 130 ...
9 ?
3 4 Gang of Four (. ) (. )
.
.
4
5 (1) (2)
(public sector
balance) (3) (crowding out) (4) (5)
4
4 131 ...
#
> Stage 1 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
> Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5
crowding in effect in out crowding out effect 132 ...
#
(flexible inflation targeting)
2543
(clarity) (transparency)
(.)
# ?
> 2554
> 1.
> (exchange rate targeting) 2.
> (monetary targeting) 3. (inflation
> targeting) 4)
>
>
>
> just-do-it approach
133 ...
(accountability)
(creditability)
(flexibility)
#
## (flexible inflation targeting)
(.) 0.25
1.75 2.00
134 ...
## 2 1.
(
)
# Exam Tip
> ( : )
...? 135 ...
2.
>
...?
# ?
>
136 ...
## 3
(1)
(long-term price stability)
(2)
(3)
?
...? 137 ...
#
5
> 1.
( )
> 2.
INTEREST RATES 138 ...
3.
( )
4.
5.
> . . () . ( ) standing facility . standing facility
...? 139 ...
.
140 ...
(1)
(2)
(3)
3 6 12
141 ...
#
# ? 5
2. (Credit Channel) +
2 ((CCre dit CChanne l))2. (Credit Channel )
1. (Interest Rate Channel) +
5. (Expectations Channel)
3. (Asset Price Channel) +
5. (Expectations Channel))5. (Expectations Channel)
4. (Exchange Rate Channel)
142 ...
10 (unconventional monetary policy)
global
financial crisis 2551 (ECB)
unconventional monetary
policy (Quantitative Easing : QE) QE ()
(forward guidance)
(low for long)
(policy space)
no free lunch QE
143 ...
(flexible inflation targeting)
2551
(
2561)
7 (1)
(2)
(3)
(4) (5)
(6) (7)
7
(Non-performing Loans : NPLs)
2551
( )
(forward looking) 144 ...
11
...
. 7 .
. 2 . 4 6 - 8 8
. . .
- .
- . 7
. 7
.
.
.
145 ...
11 ()
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
. 14.00 . .
.
. . 14.30 .
.
.
> .
. . . 2 . .
. 2
( ) 146 ...
11 ()
Twitter Facebook Youtube Line
infographic
.
.
##
147 ...
##
(managed float)
( 30 )
( )
( ) ( )
. (Nominal Effective Exchange Rate : NEER) 21 . (Real Effective Exchange Rate : REER) .
> NEER REER
148 ...
# 3
(1) (volatility)
(2)
(Nominal Effective Exchange Rate NEER)
( ) (3)
(imbalances)
(flexible inflation targeting) (managed float)
# ?
>
149 ... 150 ...
Key Points
> (1) (2)
##
(policy mix)
151 ...
151 ...
# 152 ...
# ?
...
1
1
152 ... 153 ...
>
>
>
wage-price spiral
>
20% 20%
________________________________
>
> 4 2554
153 ... 154 ...
# (Glossary) (Price Mechanism)
2
(Full Employment)
(Natural Monopoly)
(Economic Activity)
155 ...
(Economic Growth)
GDP
(Elasticity)
elasticity of demand
(Deflation)
(Inflation)
156 ...
# (Glossary) () (Transfer Payments)
(Trade Balance)
() ( )
() ( ) ( ) ()
(Opportunity Cost)
(Fiscal Policy)
( ) ( )
( )
157 ...
(Monetary Policy)
.
(Production Factors)
4 158 ...
# (Glossary) () (Economic Bubble)
(Economics)
(Inferior Goods)
3
(Public Goods)
159 ...
(Price Stability)
(Economic Units)
(Public Debt)
(Exchange Rate)
30 = 1
(Supply)
(Demand)
160 ...
##
- -
() - -
(
) - - - - - - -
(
) - - - (
) - - - Financial Soundness Indicators
- (GDP) -
- - - ( )
(
) 161 ...
## ()
(International Monetary Fund : IMF)
- World Economic Outlook Databases (WEO) - International Financial Statistics (IFS) - Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs)
(World bank)
World Development Indicators
- -
(International Monetary Fund : IMF)
- World Economic Outlook Reports (WEO) - Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) 162 ...
#
. (2553). .4-.6.
. (2552). 4-6 . :
. . (2554). . (1). : . . (2548). . (1). : . . (2554). (Inclusive Growth). (1). : . . (2553). .... (1).
. (2553). .
. . (2543). 10 . : . . (2542). : . (1). : . . (2539). Macroeconomics. (3). : . . (2550). .3 3.
. (2485). 2485. (1). :
. . (2542). . : search
http://www.nso.go.th/
Bradley R. Schiller. (1996). Essentials of Economics. (2). : McGraw-Hill. Alain Anderton. (2009). Economics AS Level. (4 th Edition). : Causeway Press. Ian Chambers, Linda Hall, Susan Squires. (2006). Longman Business Studies For IGCSE. (3 rd ed). : Longman. International Monetary fund. (2011). World Economic Outlook. (1). Washington D.C.
Mankiw Gregory. (2007). Principle of Macroeconomics. (4 th Editin). Massachusetts : Harvard University. Mr.Malcolm D Knight. (2007). Inflation Targeting in Emerging Market Economics. (1). : Bank for International Settlements. Robert Dransfield , Terry Cook and Jane King. (2010). Economics for IGCSE. (1). : Endorse by University of Cambridge
International Examinations.
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http://www.bot.or.th . http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/MonetaryPolicy/Pages/MonetEducation.aspx
. http://th.wikipedia.org . http://www.thaiwellbeing.org ? . http://www. uinthai.net . http://www.nesdb.go.th . http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nsopublish/themes/theme_2-7-3.html . http://www.stou.ac.th/stouonline/lom/data/sec/Lom12/02-01-02.html . 164 ...
# (Anatomy of Thai Economy)
GDP per capita :
2562
300,000 ~ 240,000 : : International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 200,000 100,000 0 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 02538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 2555 2556 2557 2558 2559 2560 2561 Luxembourg Singapore Qatar Ireland Switzerland Norway United States UAE Hong Kong Brunei Denmark Netherlands Austria Germany Sweden Taiwan Australia Canada France United Kingdom Korea Italy New Zealand Japan Portugal Poland Greece Croatia Turkey Malaysia Mexico Thailand China Brazil Sri Lanka Indonesia Bhutan Ukraine Philippines Lao P.D.R. Myanmar Pakistan Bangladesh Cambodia Kenya Nepal Zimbabwe Haiti Burundi ~ 65,253 USD ~ 48,727 USD ~ 19,484 USD ~ 1,865 USD
:
100 75 50 25 0* : : 2494 2504 - 2509 2510 - 2514 2515 - 2519 2520 - 2524 2525 - 2529 2530 - 2534 2535 - 2539 2540 - 2544 2545 - 2549 2550 - 2554 2555 - 2559 2560 2561 2562 (% GDP) * 165 ...
: 1 3
> * : 15 () 2562 UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) ** 2541 ISIC Revision 4 : 2562
** 2562
> % 80 60 40 20 02520 - 2529 2530 - 2539 2540 - 2549 2550 - 2559 2560 - 2562
16.6% 4.3% 7.6% 16.6% 17.0% 32.1% 5.8%
: 66.56 : 38.18 * : 93.8%
:
> :
2561 GDP 5 1. 1,067,449 2. 604,421 3. 566,801 4. 513,789 5. 469,539 5 1. 58,370 2. 60,055 3. 60,776 4. 62,066 5. 62,766 9.5% 18.5% 46.9% 8.6% 5.3% 7.7% 3.5% / / 166 ...
GDP :
> :
120 (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0-20 2536 2538 2540 2542 2544 2546
> 2548 2550 2552 2554 2556 2558 2560 2562
( - )
:
> : : 100
2562
2533 2543 2552 2557 2562 960 1,555 2,174 2,647 2,763 (//) 31.6 25.8 11.6 7.1 4.3 () 58.0 42.3 17.9 10.5 6.2 () 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 (%) Rich Upper-middle Middle Lower-middle Poor 167 ...
:
> : GDP :
(%) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 2534 2538 2542 2546 2550 2554 2558 2562 Degree of Openness* Dot com
: Made in Thailand
> : 2562
5 5
(19.5%) (15.1%) (14.1%) (8.4%) (5.5%) (9.0%) (9.0%) (8.7%) (5.6%) (4.8%) ...
.
273 10200
. ... - : , 2563. 172 .1. 2. 3. I. ISBN : 978-616-7220-36-9 1 : .. 2563 5,000
32/580 10230 0 2948 8165-6 167 ... 164 ...