Overview
This lecture explains the differences between metals and non-metals, their physical properties, and common uses.
Metals: Characteristics and Properties
- Metals are hard, malleable, shiny, fusible, and ductile materials.
- Examples of metals include iron, gold, aluminum, and copper.
- Malleability: metals can be beaten into thin sheets.
- Good conductivity: metals allow heat and electricity to pass easily.
- Sonorous: metals produce ringing sounds when struck.
- Lustrous: metals have a shiny appearance and reflect light.
- Ductility: metals can be drawn into wires.
Uses of Metals
- Used in manufacturing machines, automobiles, airplanes, and cars.
- Copper is commonly used for making electrical wires.
- Silver and gold are used for making ornaments.
Non-metals: Characteristics and Properties
- Non-metals do not have the properties typical of metals.
- Examples include sulfur, carbon, phosphorus, and oxygen.
- Solid non-metals are generally brittle or soft; they break into powder when tapped.
- Exception: diamond is the hardest known non-metal.
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity (except graphite).
- Non-metals can exist as solids, liquids, or gases.
- They lack metallic luster and do not produce ringing sounds (not sonorous).
- Non-metals are not malleable or ductile.
Uses of Non-metals
- Oxygen is essential for respiration in living beings.
- Nitrogen and phosphorus are used as fertilizers to support plant growth.
- Chlorine is used in water purification.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Metal — A material that is hard, malleable, shiny, fusible, and ductile.
- Non-metal — A material lacking typical metallic properties like malleability, ductility, and conductivity.
- Malleability — Ability of a material to be beaten into thin sheets.
- Conductivity — Ability of a material to allow heat or electricity to pass through.
- Sonorous — Ability to produce ringing sounds when struck.
- Lustrous — Shiny appearance due to reflection of light.
- Ductility — Ability to be drawn into wires.
- Brittle — Easily broken or powdered when tapped.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Complete the assignment on metals and non-metals.
- Review examples and properties for each category.