Definition: A prayer niche, known as a mihrab, is not for sculptures but serves as a directional pointer in Islamic faith.
Purpose: Indicates the direction to pray towards Mecca, essential for the Islamic practice of praying five times a day.
Qibla Wall: The wall in which the mihrab is placed, oriented towards Mecca, not in any cardinal direction.
Historical and Religious Context
Prophet Muhammad: Origin was Mecca; lived there until 620 before moving to Medina.
Prophet’s House: Served as a civic center with a large courtyard oriented towards Mecca.
Mosques: Function as cultural centers and places of community, not just religious spaces.
Architectural Significance
Origin: The architectural form of the mihrab in mosques may have been inspired by the Prophet's home.
Cultural and Social Role: Mosques serve as social gathering places and political centers, as seen during events like the Arab Spring.
Specific Example: Mihrab from Isfahan
Location: Mihrab from a madrasa in Isfahan, known for its brilliant blue tiles, termed "The Blue City."
Madrasa: An educational institution where theology students study and pray.
Artistic and Scriptural Elements
Tile Work: Contains verses from the Quran, emphasizing the divine nature of the text which must be in Arabic.
Scripts Used:
Outer Frame: Fluid and decorative script, nearly abstract.
Inner Frame: Features hard-edged, geometric Kufic script, known for its historical significance.
Inscription Details
Content: The inner inscription lists the Five Pillars of Islam, providing a didactic message:
Confession of faith: Belief in one God and Muhammad as his prophet.
Giving alms.
Praying five times a day.
Undertaking a pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca if possible.
Observing Ramadan through fasting.
Educational Context
School Setting: Suitable for a madrasa, reminding students of their religious duties and the Prophet Muhammad’s example.
Additional Text: Low section of the niche states "The mosque is the dwelling place of the pious," emphasizing contemplation and the Prophet as a guiding figure.