hello everyone and welcome back to drastic lectures first thing first okay ankle joint key type so this is the synovial variety of joint or it is the hinge variety which is a ball and socket variety which was the head of the femur yeah it's a hinge type of joint yeah movement limited planes available has circular movement services so this is your third so that part is what we we are talking about the ankle joint ticket to your orientation so there is an upper articular surface and obviously there is an inferior and a lower articular surface Parts it is formed by the lower end of tibia including the medial malleolus the lateral milolus of fibula tibia fibula or inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament so so that's how it is [Music] this is the upper part of the ankle joint this is the tibia yeah so lower part of tibia and medial mellolus is ligament hair which is called inferior transfers foreign so if you look at this diagram again so one two and three upper part of the ankle joint this is the talus this is known as the ankle joint is diagram this is the medial view medial viewers this bone is the talus this head of Talus so this bone is the talus so upper say tibia fibula ligament or niches what are the articular surfaces now one thing which we should pay attention to okay to joined hair ankle joint it's a very strong joint actually strong hair why is the joint very stable the reason being turkey there is actually a socket formation just can the talusia so it's kind of a very congruence of the services so there is an interlocking mechanism interlocking mechanism there was a socket in the hip bone and there was a ball which was the head of the femur or yeah but I strongly stable joint is because there was a ball and a socket congruence surfaces it's kind of a socket and Talus is very nicely fitting so interlocking phenomena uh is a very strong collateral ligaments strong ligaments foreign if you look at the diagram uh 12.17 so this diagram for example so there are four tendons basically which are traveling in front of the ankle joint and two on poster lateral two on poster medial kind of thing so ligaments cross cutting ligaments ankle joint is pretty much stable joint because of the congruence of the surfaces of the bones because of the medial and lateral ligaments which are present and because of the tendency it's pretty stable joint but anyhow uh depth of the joint is contributed by obviously uh the median the lateral malleoli uh yeah TBR fibula say or corresponding size of the talus so that is also explaining the stability however you should also know tendons and there are four tendons in front for example although they are contributing to the stability but in tendency excessive so there can be a forward pull of the tendon actually ankle joint key or other pool of gravity plenty Flags but by and large it's a very very stable joint okay up next these are the ligaments of the in the fibrous capsule or peric medial side ligament deltoid ligament or lateral side ligament is a very strong ligaments fibrous capsule fibrous capsule basically surrounds the joint but it is weak anteriorly and posteriorly in a anterior side a completely wrap particularly posterior Superior aspects obviously lining the capsule so nothing very fancy about the capsule here okay there is a capsule surrounding the bones to provide stability okay so that's the thing you have to remember about the capsule then there is a medial ligament deltoid ligament obviously the ligament is divided into the superficial fibers and deep fibers superficial or deep Parts key importance they provide a lot of strength to the ankle joint okay so if I show you the diagram so here for example is the medial uh ligament just kind of deltoid ligament B here you can see okay basically parts for example um this is tibio navicular part of The Superficial medial ligament tibio navicular attached here or Navigator and then there is divided into superficial uh fibers and there are deep fibers just superficial fibers ISO for example superficial getting parts which is also called the anterior tibio teller part yeah TBO or taller part these are the Deep fibers is attached to the anterior part of the middle surface of the tallest okay so superficial fibers and deep fibers accordingly but the important point is okay this provide Big Time strength to the ankle joint because so easy to remember basically TBR Navigator calculum and so on and so forth okay so deltoid ligament is the is the medial ligament capsules number one was the capsule number two was the medial ligament and number three was the lateral ligament the other one will be Tallow fibular but on the posterior side and then there is a calcaneal fibular so this is the diagram the contain Parts anterior talofibular Talus or fibular kitten fibular posterior Talus and calcaneal fibular calcaneum or fibulation basically there is a capsule surround there is a medial ligament just a superficial departure and then there is a lateral ligaments okay now relationships ankle joint here anterior side pay from medial to lateral there are a they have important hair tibialis anterior extensor helicious longus anterior tibial vessels deep perennial nerve so if you look at diagram 12.17 which is somewhere up there so here you look so this is a diagram to show you the relationships of the ankle joint this bone is the talus this is the tibia and this is the fibula so this basically is the medial side this is the lateral side or a anterior portion that's the ankle joint anteriorly medial side second start current extensor hilicious longus X sensor digitorum bronze interior relationships okay so uh if you want to this is not very high yield for the exams but if you want to remember that's the way to remember it posted literally so if you look at the diagram here so posterior medially postero literally okay some examiners ask it if you want to remember spend some time and remember this now let's talk about different types of movements at the ankle joint her jointly important movements possible rotation possibility flexion extension abduction reduction sorry movements possibility flexion and plantar flexion this movement is called doors that is called plant reflection so dodgy flexion is foreign so these are the principal muscles also there are some accessory muscles if you want to remember but do not forget the principal muscles which important clinical points are reasons they can cause dislocations Okay um acute sprain of the lateral ankle when the four is plenty flags and excessively inverted sports injuries uh inversion me okay extreme inversion or medial side hoga extreme e version examination um not an important Point here injection not for you during walking the plantar flexors raise the heel off the ground when the limp so this is important point or you have already discussed okay okay so the value of ankle joint resides in the injection in this toe and fro movement uh which we do during walking so walking ankle joint movements ligaments all these are very important so that's basically all about the ankle joints take care of yourself