Oh in this video we'll be discussing about overview of DNA replication and particularly will be more focused towards the enzymes and proteins involved in the replication process of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in DNA replication the single DNA molecule having two strands is replicated to form two DNA molecules we see were having a DNA molecule it's two strands acts as parent strands to make to DNA copies so on these parents strains the enzymes and proteins will work on to synthesize their daughter strands on both the strains so that in the end we get two identical DNA copies as shown in the diagram newly synthesized strands are called daughter strands while the older ones are the parent strands and this form of replication is called semi-conservative since it preserves the identity of penetrate DNA molecule in the form of parent strands in newly formed DNA molecules and it must be kept in mind that in DNA replication the strands do not separate as sighs shown in these diagrams but only a portion like this shown in the figure is unwinding and opening wire replication beginners and this site is called the replication bubble now let's discuss the enzymes and proteins involved in the DNA replication process in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes first off all in prokaryotes we have DNA a protein it's a replication initiation factor and promotes the unwinding of DNA at Ric site or IC site so with the binding of DNA a protein it will unwind the two strands then there is a DNA B protein which is helices enzyme it breaks the hydrogen bonds between strands and opens up a replication fork then we have DNA C protein it must be noted that previous DNA B helices enzyme does not attach by itself to the DNA rather it needs assistance and it's this DNA C protein which acts as a loading factor and mediates the loading of DNA B molecule to the DNA a at the ORA site now all is open at or aside in prokaryotes then we need DNA g protein in prokaryotes which is a Primus enzyme it's in size the short strands of RNA DNA polymerase does not synthesized from scratch it needs pure nucleotides to work upon and it is this Primus enzyme which will provide these nucleotides then we have DNA gyrase enzyme that's also referred as topoisomerase 2 in e.coli it causes negative supercoiling of DNA strands so that it relieves stress on DNA strands while helicase is working furthermore there is a DNA ligase enzyme whose function is to ligate is to join the two segments of DNA we know on lagging strand that DNA is synthesized in segments so these segments need to be ligated and it is dislike is enzyme which does the job and ultimately there are DNA polymerase enzymes in prokaryotes there is a DNA polymerase one DNA polymerase 2 and DNA polymerase 3 one is used in gap link after RNA primer is removed DNA polymerase 2 is used in DNA repair while as DNA polymerase 3 mediates the DNA replication process in prokaryotes and also remember that the beta subunit of DNA polymerase 3 acts as a DNA's in clam protein it graspers the DNA so that DNA polymerase shows processivity then we have RNAs enzyme which removes ribonucleotides from RNA primers and also there are SSB proteins single strand binding proteins these proteins prevents annealing and ultimately we have the santur proteins tu s and T are proteins which terminates the DNA replication by halting the movement of helices enzyme so these are the essential enzymes and protein is bound to be involved in the process of DNA replication in prokaryotes now let's head towards the eukaryotes first where or C it is the origin recognition complex this complex recognized the origin of replication site and binds to it and then other proteins are recruited then we have CDC six protein here is a cell division cycle protein that is a part of pre replicas too complex its function is to load MCM to the OLC so what this MCM is we'll be discussing later on in this video now we have C D T 1 protein chromatin licensing and DNA replication fact it is also a part of pretty replicated complex whose function is to make sure that only once DNA is replicated during cell cycle then we have MCM protein mini chromosome maintenance protein it's a DNA helicase enzyme which cuts hydrogen bonds between strands and opens up replication fork then in eukaryotes we have our PA protein our PA protein keeps strains from binding to itself then we have PCNA protein it's a DNA clamp molecule which acts as a process of defector so that DNA polymerase once bound does not leave the strands and ultimately we have DNA polymerases and in eukaryotes who have 5 types with Alpha Beta Gamma Delta and epsilon polymerase polymerase alpha shows Primus activity and helps in initiation beta polymerase has role in DNA repair gamma polymerase has role in replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA then we have Delta polymerase it's the cheap polymerase and because it's this enzyme which drives the DNA replication process it synthesizes both leading and lagging strands in eukaryotes while epsilon polymerase has still unknown rule it is ambiguous polymerase and also we have DNA topoisomerases in eukaryotes which helps in unwinding by negative supercoiling so these are all the essential enzymes and proteins involved in the DNA replication process of prokaryotes and eukaryotes I hope you liked the video if you liked it give it a thumbs up and make sure to subscribe this channel Thanks