7.1 Deviance and Control - Introduction to Sociology 3e

Learning Objectives

• Define deviance and explain the nature of deviant behavior.
• Differentiate between methods of social control.

Key Concepts

Definition of Deviance

• Deviance: A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms.
  • Can range from minor (e.g., picking your nose in public) to major (e.g., committing murder).
  • Not necessarily negative; can foster social change (e.g., civil rights movement).

Deviance vs. Crime

• Deviance includes a broader range of activities than crime.
• Crime is viewed as more significant and is often a focus of government concern.

Factors Influencing Deviance

• Acts are labeled deviant based on location, audience, and individual.
• Social norms vary across cultures and time, affecting perceptions of deviance.
• Example: Marijuana legalization history and changing societal views.

Sociological Perspectives

Deviance as a Social Construct

• Deviance is relative and can be perceived differently based on context.
• Example: Behavior at funerals varies by culture and situation.

Deviance and Social Oppression

• Historical use of deviance labels to oppress certain groups (e.g., LGBTQ community, racial prejudices).

Social Control

Definition

• Social Control: The regulation and enforcement of norms to maintain social order.
• Sanctions: The means of enforcing rules, can be formal or informal.

Types of Sanctions

• Positive Sanctions: Rewards for conforming to norms (e.g., promotion at work).
• Negative Sanctions: Punishments for violating norms (e.g., arrest for shoplifting).
• Informal Sanctions: Face-to-face interactions, socially driven (e.g., disapproving looks).
• Formal Sanctions: Official, legal consequences (e.g., fines, imprisonment).

Examples and Implications

• Social control practices ensure conformity and address norm violations.
• Examples include speed tickets for driving violations, warnings from professors, etc.

Conclusion

• Deviance and social control are essential aspects of societal functioning.
• Understanding these concepts helps in analyzing social norms and their impact on behavior.

These notes summarize the key points from the OpenStax textbook chapter on deviance and control, highlighting the definitions, sociological perspectives, and methods of social control. They are intended as a study aid for understanding the broader sociological implications of deviance.