and I've got a couple of examples or analogies that will help us understand this the first one is let's look at this system okay where we've got four gas molecules on the left side and then no gas molecules on the right side all right and then there is a valve in the middle this is my initial State what would the final state look like if I opened the valve would it look like a would all the gas molecule stay what all the gas molecules go over side or would see they spread out see right everybody see ya most most of time see comes pretty easy okay like that's probably gonna happen all right and it turns out that will happen all right but the question is why well actually before I talk about why let's think about which of these states a B or C is the most disordered C C's the most disorder these are all on one side all on one side spread across so you can see that this is more disordered so everybody guessed C or ever I said C and it will turn out to be C and we also agree that it's the most disordered so again it's going to the more so disorder but why does that half occur can a occur can all four gas molecule stay yeah sure yeah they could I mean they're just gas molecules are going to bounce around wherever they want things that could all former gas molecules go over to the other side yeah sure they could there just bounce around randomly they could all go over but again C is the most likely answer not because it's the you know the only way it can happen a and B can happen it turns out C can happen more often that's really what it is okay C can happen more times if we think about each gas molecule as an individual gas molecule and if we put a number on them okay so if we needed number two then one two three four the a and B States can only happen one way all fourth day or all for go that's it but see can happen a lot more different ways one and two can say three and four can go two and three can state one and four can go one and so you can say two and four can go two and four can go one or three cans and I'm gonna stop reading is that could've a guy screw that let's one up but it turns out that there's six different ways that C can happen and it turns out the gas molecules moving is an entirely random process so actually each state has the same likelihood of happening a has 1/8 of a chance B has 1/8 of chance each one of these have 1/8 of a chance but since there's 6 of these if you combine those that's 6 out of 8 times this is going to happen so C is much more likely to happen all right so it's like it's like if you're a betting okay i'll rule that okay but there's only eight pies what do you call it what do you call the little slots and rule that wheel anybody know anybody gambler and be a high roller I have no idea what those are called but let's call them pies because it's almost Thanksgiving I got pie on the mind okay all right so there are little pieces of the pie all right so I think then the rule add there's a lot more but let's pretend there's only eight okay and one says a one says be in six of them say Si and you're rolling that dice where you gonna put your I really should have researched this analogy your chips yeah okay your chips were you gonna put them see you're gonna put them on see unless you're you know you want to go for the big money okay I'm gonna go for see let's see okay because see can definitely happen more time and so that is why entropy of the universe increases because there's always more ways to disorder a system than there are order it okay another good example of this I'll just use these pieces of paper that I just have sitting right next to me but I won't show them to you okay let's pretend I have two pieces of paper how many ways can i order these pieces of paper no you're gonna see them crazy yeah you can order them you know and you got to come up with some numbers like okay you got to be able to read it so there's one way here so there's one there's two if there was another way there's three four okay but there's only a handful of ways I can order these two pieces of paper all right how many ways can I disorder these pieces of paper okay I can turn this one over I can turn this one over I can put this one here I can give this on away I can strip us you know tear them up I can but one in my office I can give one to Christian I mean I can disorder them an infinite number of ways and if each has the same likelihood of happening guess what's going to happen the disordered way there's always more ways to disorder a system than to order it and that's why the entropy increases and if everything's a random process and it turns out it is the disordered systems gonna happen we're going to come alright so our next goal is to combine those two things that nature tends to do enthalpy and entropy going downhill and becoming more disordered combining them to figure out if reaction is going to be spontaneous or non-spontaneous