1.0
KASAYSAYAN NG EDUKASYON SA PILIPINAS
1. Panahon ng mga katutubo ( Pre-Colonial):
* Hindi pormal at walang paaralan; itinuturo ng matatanda sa kabataan.
* Oral Tradition – Pagtuturo sa pamamagitan ng kwento, bugtong, salawikain, at epiko.
* Ang edukasyon ay nakatuon sa pagsasaka, pangangaso, pangingisda, at pagsamba sa kalikasan.
* Baybayin o Alibata – Ang sinaunang sistema ng pagsulat ng mga Pilipino.
* Layunin ng edukasyon: Pagpapanatili ng kultura, tradisyon, at kaalaman sa kabuhayan.
2. Panahon ng mga kastila ( 1565 - 1898 ):
* Relihiyosong edukasyon – Itinuro ang Kristiyanismo at ang wikang Espanyol.
* Paaralang kontrolado ng simbahan – Mga pari at madre ang guro.
* Edukasyong eksklusibo – Para lamang sa mga ilustrado (mayayaman at mestizo).
* Layunin ng edukasyon: Pagpapalaganap ng Kristiyanismo at pagpapanatili ng kapangyarihan ng mga Kastila.
3. Panahon ng mga Amerikano ( 1898 - 1941 ):
* Itinatag ang pampublikong sistema ng paaralan.
* English ang ginamit bilang opisyal na midyum ng pagtuturo.
* Ipinadala ang mga Thomasites – Mga Amerikanong guro na nagturo sa mga Pilipino.
* Mas maraming paaralan ang itinayo para sa lahat ng Pilipino, hindi lang sa mayayaman.
* Itinatag ang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas (UP) noong 1908 bilang pangunahing pampublikong unibersidad.
* Layunin ng edukasyon: Demokrasya, kaalaman sa agham at sining, at pagpapalaganap ng kulturang Amerikano.
4. Panahon ng mga Hapones (1941 - 1945):
* Pagtuturo ng wikang Nihongo at pagbabawas sa paggamit ng Ingles.
* Pagtuturo ng nasyonalismo at Asyanisasyon upang alisin ang impluwensya ng Kanluran.
* Limitadong edukasyon – Pinahinto ang mga paaralan sa simula ng pananakop.
* Tanging mga araling may kinalaman sa agrikultura, paggawa, at paggalang sa imperyo ng Hapon ang itinuro.
* Layunin ng edukasyon: Pagtanggal ng impluwensyang Amerikano at pagpapalaganap ng diwa ng "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere."
* Hindi naging epektibo dahil sa giyera; maraming paaralan ang nasira.
5. Panahon ng Kalayaan(hanggang sa kasalukuyan):
* Pagpapalawak ng edukasyon sa buong bansa at mga reporma sa kalidad ng pagtuturo.
* Ang mga kababaihan at kalalakihan ay may pantay na karapatan sa edukasyon.
2.0
MGA BATAS UKOL SA EDUKASYON
SALIGANG BATAS NG 1987 ARTIKULO 14, SEKSIYON 1
* Ang probisyong ito ay nagpapakita na ang edukasyon ay isang mahalagang karapatan ng bawat mamamayan at isang pangunahing tungkulin ng Estado.
REPUBLIC ACT 7722 ( HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1994 )
* Noong 1994, ipinasa ang RA 7722, na nagtatag sa Commission on Higher Education (CHED), na may tungkulin mag-regula at mangasiwa sa mga institusyong pang-mataas na edukasyon sa bansa.
* Ang DepEd ay nakatuon sa batayang edukasyon, kabilang ang K-12 program.
* Ang TESDA naman ay nagbibigay ng mga programa para sa teknikal-bokasyonal na edukasyon at pagsasanay.
* Ang mga nagtapos ng Senior High School (SHS), lalo na ang mga nasa Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track, ay hinihikayat na kumuha ng TESDA certification.
Mga Kursong Teknikal-Bokasyonal (Specialized Training Program.)
1. Automotibo – Automotive Servicing, Auto Body Painting
2. Konstruksyon – Karpinterya, Tubero, Electrical Installation
3. ICT – Web Development, Programming
Mga Pambansang Sertipikasyon
* Online Learning – TESDA Online Program
REPUBLIC ACT 10533 ( ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION ACT OF 2013 )
REPUBLIC ACT 10533 ( ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION ACT OF 2013 )
* This law introduced the K-12 education system, which added two years to the basic education cycle: Senior High School (SHS).
* With RA 10533, the Philippine government sought to improve the quality of education by providing students with more time to prepare for college, work, or entrepreneurship.
* The total education cycle adds up to 13 years if you explicitly count kindergarten.
2.1
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
* Under the Senior High School (SHS) program in the K-12 system, you can choose from four main tracks, each designed to align with your interests, strengths, and future career or academic goals.
Academic Track: This track prepares you for higher education and is ideal for those planning to pursue college or university studies.
1. ABM - This is for students that are interested in business, entrepreneurship, or management.
2. STEM - Designed for students interested in fields like engineering, medicine, or IT.
3. HUMSS - Centers on subjects like communication, sociology, and, the humanities, suitable for careers in education, law, and media.
4. GAS - A flexible strand for students who are undecided or want a broad-based education.
Technical Vocational Livelihood: This track equips students with practical skills for employment.
1. HOME ECONOMICS: Includes courses like caregiving, and, bread and pastry production.
2. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECH:Focuses on programming, animation, and digital tools.
3. INDUSTRIAL ARTS: Includes skills like carpentry, automotive servicing, and welding.
4. AGRI-FISHERY ARTS:Focuses on agriculture, aquaculture, and related fields.
ARTS & DESIGN: This track is for students with creative talents and interests. It includes subjects in visual arts, music, dance, theatre, and media.
1. VISUAL ARTS
2. MEDIA ARTS
3. PERFORMING ARTS
4. LITERARY ARTS
Sports Track: This track is ideal for students who want to pursue careers in sports, fitness, or coaching.
CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER NO. 20, S. 2013
* CHED’s General Education Curriculum (GEC) is designed to make Colleges and universities have bridging programs to accommodate students from different SHS strands.
INSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY
* Higher education institutions (HEIs) have the autonomy to impose their own admission.
3.0
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS FOR EQUAL EDUCATION ACCESS
4Ps ( PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM ) - A conditional cash transfer program that provides financial assistance to poor families to improve their health, nutrition, and education.
ex. A family in a rural area receives financial support under 4Ps to send their children to school and ensure regular health check-ups, as part of the program’s requirements.
SPED ( SPECIAL EDUCATION ) - An educational program designed to meet the needs of students with disabilities, providing individualized teaching methods and learning aids.
ex. A child with autism is enrolled in a SPED program at a public school, where specialized teachers help him develop communication and social skills.
IPED ( INDIGENOUS PEOPLES EDUCATION ) - A program that aims to address the educational needs of Indigenous peoples, promoting cultural sensitivity and inclusion, while respecting indigenous traditions and languages.
ex. An indigenous student from a remote community in Mindanao is able to attend a school that offers IPED, which includes lessons in their native language and respect for their traditional practices.
ALS ( ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM ) - A flexible education program for out-of-school youth and adults, offering non-formal education as an alternative to traditional schooling.
ex. A young adult who was unable to finish high school due to financial constraints joins the ALS program to earn his high school diploma and improve his job prospects.
GASTPE ( GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE FOR STUDENTS & TEACHERS IN PRIVATE EDUCATION ) - A government initiative that provides financial assistance to students who attend private schools, as well as to teachers working in private institutions.
ex. A student from a low-income family receives a voucher from GASTPE to cover part of his tuition fees at a private high school in their area.
MADRASAH - An educational system specifically designed for Muslim students, focusing on religious education alongside basic literacy and numeracy.
ex. A Muslim child attends a Madrasah in their community, where they study both the Quran and subjects like mathematics and science in a culturally appropriate setting.