hey everyone good evening and welcome to yet another amazing session with us by jews i'm aishwarya and this is the start for mission midterms right we know that we have a 45 day plan for you where we will be helping you out and to end with the preparation for your midterms and this is going to be the first class for grade 8. hi everyone and welcome to the class i can already see all of you are here yes i have 22 of you here in class but i need some more of you i have ritika i have garwith papiyasia bhavya anshuman aditya rudrakshi har simran is here hello hi aditya yes motivation world is here motivation world please tell me your name so that i know who you are yes all right so now of course i'm sure that you know what mission midterms means right we constantly keep you know talking about mission midterms and the time is here it's august 1st and it's time to get serious so i hope that all of you have your notebooks your pens with you in case if you don't have it with you please do get it and come have a proper space set up where you know you're able to sit and focus on the class because we've had a lot of classes together and you know today's the class where we are going to be covering crop production and management which is the first chapter in grade eight and we look at the whole chapter at one go at one shot right so i want you to have everything with you i want you to make sure you have a bottle of water so that if you're feeling thirsty in between drink some water don't get up and miss out on the session yes very very important thing that you need to do today are we all with me today yes is my audio my video and my screen and what i am writing visible to you yes very good attitude is ready with the pen and book what about the others in the class right everyone i want all of you to get ready with all the things that you need for this class so can you quickly tell me how many students are there in the session robbie all right okay so i can see about 22 of you are here but let's quickly you know make sure that we tell our friends to be part of the class right 27 are here is telling me very good we need more right it's a very very important session that we are covering today all right i'm gonna wait for another one minute and in the meanwhile i'm sure all of you saw this beautiful video before the class started right yes so you saw this beautiful video which was all about and hey and if you are passionate to becoming a doctor or an engineer you know that ante will be the first step that you need to take part in because it will be your first exposure to competitive exams and of course as you know it's akash national talent hunt exam and if you give the exam there is a potential that you may either get 100 scholarship to akash courses and of course you may win a trip to nasa right few lucky students will be winning that cash rewards are there and of course the most important thing especially for all of you in this grade right that you are in it gives you and gives you an understanding about your potential some of you may have a lot more potential that what you are seeing and this potential will definitely come and if you tap into that potential someday your name could also be here right maybe one of you here would be you know an all india ranker for maybe je or maybe neat so don't ever dream less right always have that ambition high up here very good anshuman has registered ruchi we will be telling you about the syllabus for anthony in great detail for now just make sure that you are making sure that you know you are registering for it yes please tell me what is the doubt that you have regarding midterms i will be telling you because you know that today's class is all about mission midterms right and here is a quick peek into what you can expect from us so as you can see you will have session notes and pdfs and you will have chapter one shots and we'll have exam focused important questions for math we'll be looking at cheat sheets doubt solving classes and exam strategy sessions yes now i'm gonna quickly take you in the meanwhile baby wait for our students to come in right i'm going to quickly take you through the plan for this particular chapter yes so in this particular session if you see for this particular chapter that is crop production right we see that we're going to start off with the one shot that is there so today's class is going to be that and the next thing that we will be doing for this particular chapter is the ncrt sprint and we're going to be picking up some top 15 important and slightly tough questions from ncrt and exemplar and then we will move on to looking at quizzes of course we always need to evaluate ourselves so the next thing will be quiz time where of course you know we're going to have our beloved mentee quiz and last but not the least we are going to be having doubt clearing sessions as well so are you with me i want you to write this plan for the chapter and anshuman if you want to get the pdf notes you can join the telegram channel because you know that we give you all the updates right where will our midterms be so the midterms that we are preparing you for ritika and all your wonderful students here are for the midterms that you will be giving in your schools right you may be having it at different different times some of you may have it in 15 days some of you may be having it you know much later in september but our intention is to give you an all-round preparation so that we you get this understanding that you know when it's exam time when it's time to get serious we are there for you and of course when the exam season is gone we come back with some interesting things where you know you can enjoy in the class right so we are always there for you no matter what yes i know all of you are excited for the quiz but today's class is going to be a one-shot class where you and i will both discuss crop production because crop production was a class that we learned in great detail right we had five four to five elaborate sessions on crop production and i'm sure all of you are experts by now and before i just get started there's another very very interesting thing which we are going to be starting for biology and here as you can see we are going to be introducing worksheets right so can you see here these are some worksheets where we can see that there are ten four questions for ten marks right and there will be a google form link in the description box now all you need to do is that you can go there and fill up so these will be like practice questions that we will be giving out to all of you and in case if you are going to be so tomorrow say you're coming back and watching this video you can always give these answers the google form will always be open this is for your practice in writing answers and towards the end around the doubt solving sessions or we will have a separate session where we will discuss these questions and i will call out some of the top answers that were given to us as well right yes result of baiju's midterms so this is very important anita i mean that this prep mission midterms is a preparation right just like how if you are writing board exams or your final exams you will prepare for it no similarly we are also helping you out with the preparation for all your midterm chapters that are coming and with arithika if you have more doubts just stay tuned for maybe one more hour because sorry absurd and i are coming at 7 00 pm to discuss the same with all of you in greater detail and some of you were asking me why kriti mama could not make it but sadly kriti mum wanted to be there for that class but she's not keeping well today so let's pray for her good health so that she recovers soon and she's back with us very very soon yes all right guys very quickly we've had about 10 minutes we have a good number of students who have joined the class i can see that we have good 30 students but i'm hoping that as the class goes we will have more and more students who are going to be a part of it quickly how excited are all of you for today's class i want you to send me a thumbs up in the chat very quickly to show your level of excitement yes very good everyone very good hi anika hi mahesh yes hi zibi all right okay ah hamad says that you've not understood okay please tell me what is it that you've not followed i will quickly tell you as i see it super duper excited amazing everyone amazing yes santana is excited that is great this excitement is all that we need and we will do one thing see crop production and management is a pretty big chapter so we will take like a minute or two breathing breaks in between also because when you you know learn so much also sometimes it becomes a lot of information right so we will take it in our own face yes and i will tell you about the telegram channel towards the end okay so because we're gonna get started with the class i'll tell you how to join and all of that don't worry okay so now when we talk about crop production and management right the basic that you need to have an understanding about is agriculture yes now how can we define agriculture so for those of you who have who do not have an understanding of what is agriculture you can write this definition down as i said so agriculture can be defined as a branch of science that deals with the cultivation of crops and livestock at a large scale for the commercial purposes right for certain commerce when i say commercial purpose it means for the day-to-day things that we do right and that is what we call as agriculture and your keywords here in this definition is going to be crops and livestock yes so these are your keywords that are going to be there now of course in this particular chapter we dealt greatly about what are crops right now crops can be simply defined again a very important definition i want you to make a note even if you are not writing this definition down just make a note in your notebook saying that it's important to remember this definition that crops are nothing but the same kind of plants which are cultivated together on a large scale yes so here as you can see we have a farm we have a field where we have a single piece of land where in one type of crop is grown at a large scale and this is what we understand as crops very simple and easy definition of agriculture and crops right now of course we also learned and in this particular chapter especially we have learnt about how there are various kinds of crops right now crops can be categorized in multiple ways but what we need to focus on is based on their climatic conditions so here as you can see this is based on climatic conditions yes now based on climatic conditions we can categorize crops as carif crops ruby crops and zed crops right so this is very important to remember hello kim pam welcome to the class i can see here that you know i'm aishwarya and i'm teaching the chapter crop production and management very good so can all of you very quickly tell me what are kind of crops in the chat you have some hint on the screen as well but i want all of you to tell me as well i want the chat to keep going right because you also know what i care if rabbi and zed crops yes so can you tell me what are carrich rabbi and zed crops yes well well all the best nina all the best right very good cariff crops are those crops which are sown in the rainy season very good so it's important that you on use this term right that it is sown in the rainy season or sown on the onset of monsoon right so this is very important to understand while rabii crops are those which are sown in the winter season yes these are seasonal crops very good on chuman very good we'll say rainy rain crops or papiya another way that we can tell is monsoon crops right okay very sorry about that then lastly we have zed crops which are sown between karif and rabi season or like how we have ankita telling us here that it is also sown during the summer season right so here when you are writing about karif rabi and zed you need to mention when they are sown so soon and the onset of monsoon so one in the onset of winter and so on in the onset of summer season so this is again very important to remember when you are writing the answers right now of course the next thing that you need to remember is when you are saying onset of monsoon onset of winter you need to remember the months okay all of you write this down very important so what are the months in which we saw this so in the case of car riff we see that it's between june to september right so around june july we will sow the seeds and around september october we will get the whole plants grown yes and then we have october to march for the rabi crops where we sow the seeds around october november and the cultivate of the crop will get harvested towards the end of you know february or march yes pumpkin is a zed crop right amazing shreyta we will definitely be doing more such videos don't worry about that and then of course in the case of z crops we will sow it so the seeds around the end of maybe march or beginning of april but they tend to grow pretty fast so by the end of may or june we see that they will be able to get it right or we get we see that they will be harvested and here these are some examples and now of course i will give you some short ways of remembering examples because i do understand that some of you may not be able to remember them very easily right so in the case of carved crops how many of you remember the short forms that we had discussed in earlier sessions of course any of you remember some short forms in which we can remember examples can you tell me yes we will be sharing the session notes in telegram right very good winter crops they're also known as winter crops we had some short forms right yes very good prakash pmw so we had pmw in this case of course you can make any kind of order that you want to right so in this case i had rmc so r here is for rice right m here is for maize and c here is for cotted and that way you will be able to remember three examples right yes they are car names pmw so here we had bmw itself radha so here we had bmw so b for barley we have m here for mustard right and we have c here for i'm sorry bmwr bmc we w here for wheat so this is the way you would remember the rarbie crops and the examples that are there then of course for z crops it was pwc right so pwc here is pumpkin yes we have watermelon and lastly we have cucumber so for those of you who may be watching this video for the first time these are some easy ways in which you can remember karaf rabi and zed crop yes are we clear with this sofa anybody has any doubts i don't want any of you to have any confusions with these concepts because it's a one shot and of course you know it's sometimes little tricky to go in depth but of course these are the broad important terms that you must be able to see could you please change that color oh on mustard i will change the color okay the other ones i think you will be able to see so m here is for mustard and you can write this down or take a screenshot yes easy peasy no doubts amazing amazing you don't know that at any point if you're having any doubts you can ask me right that way it will definitely be helpful for all of you great now very quickly so we learnt about crops we know what is agriculture we learnt about the different kinds of crops that are there which are cultivated now in order to practice agriculture how many steps are involved can you all quickly tell me how many agricultural steps are there is it four five six seven can you all tell me in the chat very quickly very good everyone very good i want to see this going very fast yes wonderful wonderful as you can see here there are seven agricultural steps that are there so we have preparation of soils sowing addition of nutrients irrigation removal of weeds harvesting and storage right yes so this number seven is extremely important and another thing that you all need to remember especially when you are studying is the sequence of it it should not be that you know all the steps but you don't know the sequence of the steps so the sequence of what comes after what is important because you get questions of the same as well so here's a small thing for you to write down in your notebooks sequence of agricultural practices are important because sometimes you get questions to write them in the correct order yes please make a note of it yes i have made a mind map on this chapter as well and if some of you are new you can go check that out it is the easiest mind map that you can make for this particular chapter thank you so much arsenal yes seven steps like the seven drain bow very good so first up let us have a look at preparation of soil now in order to grow any plant right soil is extremely important because we know that soil consists of various nutrients that are necessary for the growth of the plant and we also know that there are various components there are some microbes in soil that are essential and that help with the pro that help in promoting growth right which is why it is important that you prepare the soil now what do we mean by prepare the soil now the thing is that soil needs to be turned and loosened up so let me use another color so that you can see this soil needs to be turned and loosened up that means you turn it and you loosen the soil before we sow the seeds so that there can be aeration right so there will be aeration for the roots right so that is very important and we see that it allows the roots to penetrate deeper into the soil now we also see that as we mix it right we as we you know help as we loosen and turn the soil we also see that the nutrients are distributed uniformly because normally what happens is that the top layer of the soil the top one layer will have maximum nutrients but as the layer goes down the nutrient content would be relatively less i would say which is why it is important to turn and loosen the soil right and we call this process of turning and loosening and stealing or flowing right so this is very very important that you understand why preparation of soil is done very good let's k-pop it's called tilling or blowing right so this is again important and yes i will share the mind maps with all of you now another thing that is very important right along with tilling and plowing is leveling right now what happens is that sometimes when we are going to you know turn and loosen the soil what we also observe is that at times the soil might be very dry which is why we need to add some amount of water so that the process becomes smoother but at the same time what will happen is that sometimes the soil will be like there as clumps right so here as you can see there will be clumps of soil that might be present and we cannot grow crops with a lot of clumps of soil which is why we need to break those clumps and level it out and this process again all of you write this down this particular process of breaking down the clumps into equal parts or distributing it evenly is what we call as leveling and a leveler is used very good sneha we use a leveler to do leveling so you can write this down as well now what is the third point it helps the earthworms and microbes to add hummus now hummus is a layer wherein there are a lot of nutrients right so it is formed due to the decomposition of the breakdown of dead and decaying matter and it is very rich in nutrients and these earthworms and microbes which are there in the soil actually promote the formation of hummus so like i was telling you right there's only one thing layer of soil that has a lot of nutrients so as you turn and loosen the soil your nutrients will get distributed uniformly and thereby the crops will be able to grow so are we clear with why preparation of soil is necessary yes we saw there is still link flowing leveling three terms that you need to remember i'm going to write this down as well we have plowing and we have tilling and leveling these are three terms you need to know when it comes to preparation of soil wonderful wonderful nina are we clear i think you have just sent me what so if there's a doubt let me know i am going very slowly yes to increase the water holding capacity very good why is leveling more important leveling is important because if there are clumps right the roots and the crops will not be able to grow properly which is why you need to level the soil you will get the nodes yashika don't worry about it you will definitely get all the nodes now we see that in order to do all of this we require certain tools which is why we see that we have some traditional tools here such as a flow and a hoe right wherein we see that there's a lot of manual labor necessary and of course we have modern tools where we see that we have a cultivator which is paired with a tractor so that the tractor can pull it right now when we talk about flow and hoe we see that flow here is used to till and turn the soil and in some cases it is also used to remove weeds hoe is again used to manually loosen up the soil and also used for removal of wheats which of course we will look later on in the class as well then we have cultivator which is a modern device so you need to know the difference between the which are all the traditional tools and which are all the modern tools yes and i will tell you tanvi i will tell you can we do this at the end of the class if you don't mind right so let's focus on this yes i'm going to take this one more time now here as you can see we have flow and hold right now plow here as you can see i will explain the structure yes so in the case of flow we have a flow shaft right so this long rod that you call as a shaft then we have this triangular structure that is there which we call as the flow share and here as you can see we have the handle now this particular handle that will be there is something that you either place on the blocks or it will just you know be that which where and the man can hold it and he will you know take it like this and he will make sure that the soil is prepared while in the case of hoe you can see that there's a flat metal plate that is there and of course there's a grip like structure that helps with it and we see that this helps in cutting down so it acts like a blade and it will make sure that it helps with preparation of soil right so are we clear with this flow share shaft and beam or handle is what we are part of a blow hi sunshine hello so with this we come to the end of looking at preparation of soil where we know what is preparation of soil and you must remember the tools which are all the traditional tools and which are all the modern tools right i will be giving you notes don't worry as and when i'm telling you that these are important right i want you to make sure that you make a note of it in your notebook that this is important i need to write it this way the rest of the notes i will definitely give you this you will get as a session pdf so don't worry okay all of you for those of you are worried about notes don't worry about it yes now let's quickly look at step number two that is sowing off seeds now at one go we think sowing off seeds so simple no why do we need to even learn about it now the thing is sowing off seeds and if sowing of seeds is done in the right way it actually helps with cultivation of crops right yes neha putting seeds into the soil or process of planting the seeds in the soil is what we call as sowing off seeds but there are a lot of things that we need to remember yes akshat we need to sell sow it evenly very good nina putting seed selection is necessary yes these are methods in which we do it very good simran i can see the answers and i want all of you to keep sending in answers i am reading as i am teaching it as well right it needs to be at a proper distance from each other very good so first thing that we need to of course check is the seed quality that is there right now seed quality matters a lot and we check the seed quality by taking the seeds that we have and putting it in water and we know that the damaged seeds will float on top and the good seeds will be present at the bottom now it's important to select good quality seeds because because basically the yield of the crop depends on it right so when i say yield because i was just thinking should i use the term yield or no but yield there's nothing but how well the plant grows it's as simple as that right and apart from that yes you see proper season proper depth the distance between the seeds is important right so all of these things are necessary now of course there are various ways in which we can do uh seed you know sowing of seeds now of course like earlier simran has mentioned we have broadcast method now in broadcast method is nothing but when the farmer takes the seeds and he just throws it randomly it just randomly scattered all over the field now it is not ideal because we know that it takes a lot of effort right and we also see that in this case sometimes they may not be prop at proper distances and if they're not sown at a proper depth those birds will come and they will feed on these seeds and take it away right so a lot of loss for the farmer now of course again we have funnel sewing which is a traditional method right and we know that we use this particular tool to sow the seeds now of course there are various advantages that it is shown at a certain depth and we also see that you know in a lot of ways they are equidistant but it requires a lot of manual labor yes junior gaming using c drill is much better yes very good very good modern tool is always better so here as you can see the modern tool is the c drill while the traditional tool is by using funnel sewing technique yes very good everybody very good yes so with this we've had a look at sowing of seeds now what we're going to do is we're going to cover the next very big chunk right or very big chunk of information that is on addition of nutrients now very quickly i already told this answer right but i want another answer from all of you can you all tell me why are nutrients necessary for the plant right what is nursery of plant transplant okay yashika can i take this question towards the end because i think we may digress it's a little new thing that we're learning about right so i'll do it i'll promise that i do i will take this answer question towards the end very good for growth you're giving me the answers manual and fertilizers thank you very ashika yes for proper growth of plants yes for growth and development of plants right so normally we know that nutrients are necessary for the plants for their growth for their development right and when there is more amount of nutrients the soil will be fertile very good yes of course manure is a way in which we add these nutrients now of course what happens is that when we take a piece of land right and we grow many many crops on it right we're constantly growing crops each plant is going to keep utilizing nutrients right whether it is this plant or this plant or this plant they will all keep taking nutrients which means that eventually the nutrients will start to or the amount of nutrients will decrease right they will become less so earlier what people used to do is they would be like okay maybe what we need to do is just let the land be for some time and the nutrients will come back on its own right because we know that the micro organisms are there the earthworms are there and by their action of course they can improve the soil fertility and this process of just letting the land be without doing anything is what we call as land following very very important everybody because sometimes you do get questions on what is land following for maybe one or two marks right so write this down as to what is land following nothing but leaving the land to itself replenish yes very good everyone very good i can see the answers coming and you've done a wonderful job land is left uncultivated but why can't we do this i mean land following seems to be a very reasonable thing right but why is this not utilized why are we using manual and fertilizers yes it is also known as field fallow very good aditya very good hi pragati welcome to the class we are doing crop production and management in one shot right yes very good it's okay if it is not part of your textbook some little extra information is always good don't worry about it right growing same crop year after year is called as monoculture very good because it takes time and of course we need to feed the population right very good at we need to feed the growing population which means that we cannot stop growing crops because it's extremely important that you know if we grow these crops right we're constantly growing we meet the need of the food that is there which is why we add manures and fertilizers yes no problem manya no problem at all it's okay we are doing the crop production and management in one shot now of course when we talk about manual we know that and again for all of you out there this is so important that you are you know writing this pointer down right please write this point down that manual is the organic matter which is derived from plant and animal waste so this is important it is organic in nature and we obtain manure by digging a hole and adding this plant and animal waste and we cover it with some microbes and now what these microbes do is these microbes will act on the plant and animal matter break it down into the nutrients and that is why we see here that this manure will be rich in nutrients yes i will be giving it to you cow dung dead plants very good very very good yes all right now when we look at some advantages of manure we see that manure when we add it to the soil and we mix it well we see that it improves the water holding capacity and we know that water is also necessary right for the plants yes so we see that it improves the water holding capacity and it also helps with the soil texture makes the soil porous so that the water can go better now of course we see that as we add manure it increases the friendly microbes that are there and it improves the soil texture yes very good we can do it and obtain it by vermicompost as well very good everyone very good yes all right that's amazing sneha now of course one disadvantages i would say about manure is that the amount of nutrients so imagine this is my 1 kg of manure i will not be able to tell i i'll not be able to predict how much of these nutrients i would have right sometimes there may be some more of it or maybe there might be some less so the nutrient range or how much of the nutrients would be there would not be properly defined yes and it's also very bulky very good and it is natural and eco-friendly so this is all about manure right how is soil texture important so because if you see when we talk about water retaining capacity how the soil is right the kind of soil particles that are there would determine and i'm sure you would have watched an experiment short on percolation rate right and we know that if the if the soil particles are big and we know that if they're you know like clay soil they are packed together they'll be able to retain water right and a lot of things there along the lines of soil but this is a very broad i would say overview of it that the soil texture is based on the kind of soil particles that would determine how much water can be held yes i hope that you are clear with this are we clear with this pointer how are compost and manure different now see compost i would say is what we get at the end of composting right and when we are using it in an agricultural land we refer to as manure that's the only main difference i would say right and that's something that we need to understand yes land following and crop rotation they are not the same they are different yes mania if you could just rewind back i've already given a definition for um crop land following right when we leave the land as it is so that it can self-replenish for crop rotation and vermicompost i will be giving it to you in just a bit which is better manure or fertilizer ma'am derived means obtain we get it from them right we derive it from somebody means we are getting it from somebody yes dev journey i'm going to come to that don't worry towards the end we are going to be talking about that yes very good upshot very good now of course i'm going to look into what is nina telling me about what is better manual or fertilizer for that we need to know what are fertilizers right so fertilizers are nothing but inorganic salts that are manufactured in the factories make a note of this everybody all of you i want you to write this down inorganic main point of difference especially when you get questions on manure and fertilizer one is organic another one is inorganic right and here as you can see we see here that it is manufactured in the factories which means it is artificial right inorganic means that it's not directly from natural sources right in that case we were decomposing plants and animals but here we are getting it chemically yes this is what we call as fertilizers and we know that fertilizers have np and k in them now so npk is one kind of fertilizer i would say where we have nitrogenous phosphorus and potassium yes very good sneha they are man-made right we also see that urea is an example of a fertilizer which is normally added to the soil right now of course there are benefits because we see that fertilizers when added to the soil they provide primary nutrients they're very easy to store and of course provide high yield right so in this case if you see when you add small amounts of it right like i saw tangies answer both fertilizers and manure are good but the thing is when there is excessive use like way too much use of fertilizers that is when we see here that there would be some disadvantages where they will reduce the soil fertility now how are they reducing soil fertility simply because we know that when there are too many chemicals in the soil it will cause chemical imbalance right so it will cause chemical imbalance and that is how it will affect the soil fertility examples i already told you i've given you two right and i think you need to know that i i think yeah i remember three of it yes so i've already told you eurea npk and i also saw har simran give me an answer on this yes potash is also there very good very good right quantity it is okay to use super phosphate is also dead yes very good this session will go on for another 20 more minutes it's going to be a one hour session today because simply because you know it's a long chapter it's a very very big chapter and we're trying to concise it as much as possible right 240 will not be an example for fertilizer it will be an example for weedy side okay so let's be careful on how we use 24d now we are also see that fertilizers are responsible for causing water pollution and it can be harmful for health as well so now of course for all of you who are asking me right mom should we use manure or should we use fertilizers manure is obtained naturally and it is eco-friendly right and we know that in no way when it's something that's coming from nature it will not really harm the nature but your fertilizers are man-made and excessive use can have you know dire i would say consequences which is why it is important that we use the right amount of it we will be doing mentee later on right so it's extremely important fertilizers also fulfill the need of nitrogen yes they do right they do fulfill the need fertilizer yes i this is a very common question normally what happens is that you know in some cases right it's used interchangeably her simran i would recommend you write the one that is on the screen right as per ncrt also it is s so let's follow that now before we take a small short break right i'll give you one minute of a break because it's a lot of information that we've dealt i'm going to quickly do crop rotation now this here is an alternative technique that can be applied to make sure that the nutrients are getting there right so the nutrients are sort of utilized wisely yes so this is how we will utilize nutrients wisely wherein we see here that we may be not using fertilizers but we are using some friendly plants which we know as the leguminous plants and here we see that in crop rotation it is a farming technique right mania you are asking me for this definition you can write this down crop rotation is a technique by which we grow crops alternatively on the same piece of land right i'm going to repeat this once again crop rotation can be defined as a farming technique by which we grow crops alternatively on the same piece of land so that we can use these crops so so that the nutrients can be utilized wisely and normally here as you can see we have examples of soybean right so say in one cycle we are going corn in the next cycle we will grow soybean which is a leguminous plant that will replenish the soil with nitrogen right so i hope this is helpful for all of you yes very good wheat and mustard yes legumes consist of rhizobium can you write this down i would love to jannat but i am running a little short on time and we have a lot more to cover so you can go back and watch it don't worry like in in case if you have not been able to write it as i am saying always come back watch the part of the video that you want to play it slowly and watch it don't worry yes all right everybody are we clear with this so far are we clear any doubts have i missed out some questions yes okay let's just take a minute breather right drink some water everyone all of you please drink some water because i know like just these three topics are very very heavy right how to join the telegram channel so santana there's a link in the description box you can click on it and you can join telegram right it is break time because i was feeling like you know there was a little bit thirsty wormy composting so reika burme composting is nothing but when you the same process of compost but what we will do is we will just add earthworms to it and earthworms will help with the breakdown of those complex nutrients into simple forms right so that is what we mean by vermicompost very simple so far are we clear with everything everybody any doubt so far yes for language we'll have to wait it out radha we will have to wait it out join the classes yes very good doc ravindra what are you telling me which classes is what i would like to confirm so hari simran when we talk about worms in general uh red worms is i would say a very directed category of earthworms that we are talking about but yes they are in terms of species they may be different because when that is something that you will learn in your higher grades right so don't worry i will make a mind map very soon thank you so much i will definitely make a mind map yes okay then everyone very good very good are we geared up very quickly we are going to wrap it up in 15 minutes right all right okay crop root so again i will take this question towards the end of it because i think that if i go there and we are a little short on time as well so for those of you who have doubts which may or may not have been clear during the class drop me your comments in the uh you know you can drop your doubts in the comment section i'll definitely reply to that don't worry okay okay everyone we are gonna get started are we ready for the last sprint where we're quickly going to look at the next four steps yes quickly give me a thumbs up only 15 minutes left yes so we're going to quickly do it they're all very simple so from here irrigation is a very very big one right yes all right everybody yes very good can i see the hands coming in amazing everybody love the enthusiasm like you are so enthusiastic throughout the class and that is great now let's quickly move on to the next part that is irrigation and again irrigation is a very simple topic i'm telling you it is super super easy but because of all the names that come in we always tend to feel like it is very tough so what do we mean by irrigation irrigation can be simply defined as providing or supplying water to the crops at regular intervals yes so this part of it is very important please write it down the key word here is that they are supplied at regular intervals now why do you think irrigation is necessary what is the importance of irrigation you guys can tell me and i'm going to keep writing this down right now first and foremost of course we know that for the germination of seeds or for the seeds to grow we require the water to be there right now at the same time we also see that for the absorption of nutrients yes we know that soil has nutrients and plants need to absorb it but for the nutrients to get absorbed water is essential yes plants are made up of water right nutrient transportation absorption of minerals right and we also know that it helps in the growth of healthy crops that are there yes and another very interesting thing which most often we tend to forget is that water protects them from hot air currents and frost right so this right here is very important and we also see here that for the whole process we know that at the end of the day water is necessary for the process of tr you know for the synthesis and for the production of food as well so for photosynthesis as well water is a raw material so effectively for a healthy crop to grow water is necessary very good aditya very very good so these are the reasons as to why irrigation is necessary and all of you can write this down in case if you are not able to write it down don't worry session pdfs will be given else you can come back watch the video and write it down don't worry about it just make a note that you need to do this yes now when we talk about methods of irrigation we know that there is traditional methods and there are modern methods now for traditional methods we see that we have more chain pump daily and rather now all of these use you know we see that there is a wheel we see that there will be like a you know like a bucket with a long wire connected and a lot of manual labor is involved into all of this but in all of these cases we see that apart from a lot of manual effort right so a lot of you you know a lot of effort is invested into this yes now apart from this we also see that there is uneven supply of water now when there's uneven supply of water what happens is that in a piece of land one part will have lots of water while some parts will have very little water and when it is not distributed properly plants will not be able to grow right so in this case we see here that in this case it's very important that you understand that these are the drawbacks of having traditional methods which is why the modern methods that are there are much better which includes sprinkler system and drip system now sprinkler system is when you have a sprinkler as you can see here with some nozzles on top and it will sprinkle water all over and it is very ideal for uneven land right for lands which are uneven sprinkler system is the best while in the case of drip system what what we observe is that these pipes are underground and they will provide water drip drop by drop and this is a this is very very beneficial for places where there is very little water available so i'm going to say very little or scarce amount of water that is available right yes modern bed modern method is much better than traditional method rotating nozzles are there in sprinkler system so this was all about irrigation very simple very easy right nothing to worry sprinkler is rain very good yes very very good now let's move on to three very very easy steps that are there trust me when compared to the first four steps the last three steps are the easiest right and we will quickly look at removal of weeds now before i go ahead can all of you tell me what are weeds right what do we mean by this term and how are weeds different from crops yes so this is a very important conceptual understanding that you need to know yes reika modern methods will save water yes weeds are undesirable plants unwanted plants very good very good everybody very good i can see wonderful answers coming in on the screen so yes weeds are nothing but undesirable plants that grow along with the crops and these weeds or we call them as undesirable or unwanted simply because they compete with the crops for water light and nutrients right and it is important that we focus all our attention into the crops and make sure that we get good yield but if these weeds start to grow along with it then we see that it will affect the health the you know how healthy the crops might be which is why we need to remove these weeds and this process of removal of weeds is what we call as weeding very good everybody very good i can see the answers coming in well done now of course we know that we can normally you know uproot the leaves i mean uproot these weeds during the process of tilling itself right so when we discuss the process of preparation of soil we saw that tilling helps in the removal of weeds as well and we see that it can be done manually by using a kurpi now we know that a kurpi would look something like this wait let me just take a nice color it will have a flattened blade and it'll look like this with a handle so this right here is how a kurpi would look like and we can get rid of it and then of course we know that we can use v d sides like 2 4 d what is uprooting is plucking it out entirely that is what we mean by uprooting sickle can be used but again see a lot of tools can be used here and there now i'll always tell you to remember what is the primary use because sometimes we can use seed relevant to do weeding right so we just saw seed drill can also be used for this but again what is the primary function of the seed drill is to you know help with the process of sowing of seeds so it's very important that you remember this i i completely agree with you akshat but i hope all of you are also able to follow this part right very good very good i will definitely send it on telegram don't worry i promise i will send it to you yes so this was all about removal of weeds and what we understand as weeding now we will go on to understanding hard nesting right now harvesting definition is also again very important right so when we talk about harvesting it is nothing but cutting of matured crops right so a very simple definition so cutting of matured crops is what we call as harvesting right and we can harvest in two ways either we can pull it out of the soil entirely which what we call as uprooting you can take it up entirely or another way is to cut close to the ground right so if this is our plant right this is the whole plant you cut it close to the ground and you get rid of it yes very good very good now of course we know that a sickle can be used for the process of hard wasting and here using a sickle is a manual method right individuals have to go cut close to the ground that is there but at the same time we can see that industrial methods can be used by using the combined machine very good very good so we do combine harvesting and as you can see here we use this machine to get rid of it i mean to harvest the matured crop now once we have harvested the crops post harvesting two things need to be done this is super super super important right threshing and we knowing because this is the common confusion that is going to be there now threshing can be defined as separating the grains from the stock right so this is what we mean by threshing and here as you can see here if this is the stop right there will be grains on this okay let me draw a better image baby right so here as you can see these are the grains that are there and to remove it or separate it out from the stock is what we mean by threshing right and the knowing is when you do this and you separate the grains right from the chef or i would say from the grains or seeds right both can be used separating seeds or grains from the chef so this is what we mean by we knowing separating husk from grains right yeah you can say that also husk you can say that very good removing impurity yes very good everybody very good i know but are we all clear with threshing and me knowing because i always feel like this is one part that needs to be you know clearly separated out right all right then now quickly we will move on to the last step that is there which is storage and we know that storage is there to store the grades and they can be stored in jute bags or metallic bins and we know that some storage precautions are to be taken for example we can add neem leaves to the grain so that we get rid of prevent bacterial growth and pests right dry the seed so that there is no moisture content that will promote the growth of microbes and by now all of you will be super sure about how to keep microbes away right and we know that large scale storage is done usually in granaries or we also have cellos that help with the same moisture should be a way right that's the most important thing now of course the last topic that is there so with this we've had a look at all the topics yes that we have looked at all the seven steps of agriculture last but not the least is to quickly have a brief understanding of animal husbandry and we know that animal husbandry is a practice where we rare animals that at a large scale for to obtain products from them for example we wear cows because we get milk from them we wear chickens because we get meat and eggs from them and we see that there's a lot of benefit of doing animal husbandry right so to get the animal based food products that we use so with this if you see me come to the end of today's class right and we have quickly looked at crop production and management in one shot right chef is nothing but the improv the impurity that is there it includes the husk and it also includes other maybe fine dust particles so are we clear with water chef yes are we clear and of course be committed to our channel because see this is the right time to prepare okay and if you prepare well you build your concepts well you can of course be maybe the next boat topper right so subscribe to our channel we are a small family but we are growing tell your friends to please come be a part of it right and of course do join the telegram family and the telegram community link is there in the description box we will be coming live on fridays at 3 p.m where you'll be you'll be getting homework poll questions and of course we have a lot of exciting things 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