Hebrew Syllable Structure

Overview

This lecture introduces the concept of syllables in Hebrew, covering their structure, types, pronunciation rules, and offers guidance for breaking Hebrew words into syllables.

Syllables in Hebrew

• A Hebrew syllable must begin with a consonant and contain at least one vowel or a reduced vowel (such as a schwa).
• Syllables cannot start with a vowel; if a division leaves one, it is incorrect.

Types of Syllables

• Open syllable: Has a consonant followed by a vowel (CV), often with a long vowel (e.g., "da").
• Closed syllable: Has a consonant, a vowel, and another consonant (CVC), usually with a short vowel (e.g., "sed").
• The last syllable of a Hebrew word is typically accented unless marked otherwise.

Vowel Length and Accents

• Open syllables usually have long vowels unless they are accented, in which case a short vowel is permitted.
• Closed syllables generally carry short vowels; when accented, they may allow for long vowels.

Breaking Down Hebrew Words

• When dividing words, place the syllable break after finding a consonant with its vowel; the next syllable must start with a consonant.
• Use a vowel chart to identify long and short vowels to help analyze syllable structure.
• Examples provided include "gadol," "zoccain," and "tovot," showing placement of syllable breaks.

Schwa and Reduced Vowels

• Many words with more than two syllables begin with a schwa, the minimal vocal sound.
• If a schwa is not possible, a composite/reduced vowel (a mix of a vowel and a schwa) is used.
• The schwa or reduced vowel still counts as the vowel part of the syllable.

Special Cases and Double Letters

• Some syllables feature a dagesh, which can indicate doubling of a consonant rather than making it pronounced harder.
• Example: In "chevit," accented open syllables can have a short vowel.

Key Terms & Definitions

• Syllable — A unit containing one consonant and at least one vowel or half-vowel.
• Open Syllable — Syllable ending with a vowel (CV).
• Closed Syllable — Syllable ending with a consonant (CVC).
• Schwa — A reduced, minimal vowel sound.
• Dagesh — A dot in a letter indicating a doubled consonant or a harder pronunciation.
• Accent — The syllable in a word which receives emphasis, usually the last unless marked.

Action Items / Next Steps

• Practice breaking down Hebrew words into syllables.
• Use and review the provided vowel chart for long and short vowels.
• Read Hackett chapters 2–6.
• Prepare for the next lesson on dagesh and consonant doubling.