Saint Francis Xavier and the Roots of Christianity in Japan

Introduction

• Francis Xavier's Arrival: Arrived in Japan in 1549, marking a significant historical turning point.
• Key Locations: Initially landed in Kagoshima, then moved to Hirado in Nagasaki Prefecture.

Early Missionary Work

• Preaching and Conversions:
  • Converted ~100 Japanese in Kagoshima by aligning Christian teachings with Buddhism.
  • Moved to Hirado after learning of a Portuguese ship's arrival.
  • First Christian convert was Anjir, also known as Paulo de Santa Fé.
• Construction of First Church: Japan’s first church was built in Hirado in January 1551.

Francis Xavier's Travels

• Journey to Kyoto: Attempted to gain permission from the emperor to spread Christianity but found the emperor was a powerless figure.
• Return to Hirado: Returned to contribute to the church's construction.
• Departure to India: Left Japan in 1551, intending to continue his mission in China, but died in 1552.

Spread of Christianity and Persecution

• Sebastian Kimura:
  • First Japanese Catholic priest; belonged to the Kimura family who hosted Xavier.
  • Joined the Society of Jesus in 1585.
  • Ordained in 1601, but faced persecution and was executed in 1622.
• Continued Persecution: Despite government hostility, "hidden Christians" preserved the faith.

Revival and Modern Influence

• Meiji Restoration: Christianity ban lifted in 1873.
• Church Construction:
  • Numerous churches now in Nagasaki Prefecture.
  • St. Francis Xavier Memorial Church in Hirado, notable commemorative site.

Notable Churches in Hirado

• Hoki Church (1898): Oldest standing church in Hirado.
• Yamada Church (1912): Designed by Tetsukawa Yosuke, location known for hidden Christians.
• Himosashi Church (1929): Largest until Nagasaki Cathedral rebuild.
• Kigatsu Church (1962): Contains artworks by Nagai Takashi.

Conclusion

• Hirado and Nagasaki hold significant historical importance in Christianity's history in Japan.
• Efforts continue to promote tourism and education about this rich cultural and religious heritage.