Lecture on IUPAC Naming of Organic Compounds

Introduction

• Importance of IUPAC naming in exams.
• Aim to simplify the process of naming organic compounds.
• Emphasis on practicing through quizzes.

Basic Rules:

1. Identify the Longest Continuous Carbon Chain
   • Number the chain forward and backward.
   • Determine the number of carbon atoms.
2. Determine the Type of Bonds
   • Single bond: Alkane.
   • Double bond: Alkene.
   • Triple bond: Alkyne.

Steps for IUPAC Naming

• Find the Longest Carbon Chain:
  • Determine the prefix based on the number of carbons (Meth-, Eth-, Prop-, But-, Pent-, etc.).
• Identify Types of Bonds:
  • Single bond (alkane, e.g., ethane).
  • Double bond (alkene, e.g., propene).
  • Triple bond (alkyne, e.g., propyne).

Examples:

1. Simple Alkane:
   • 2 carbons, single bond: Ethane.
2. Alkene:
   • 3 carbons, double bond: Propene.
3. Alkyne:
   • 5 carbons, triple bond: Pentyne.

Cyclic Compounds

• Use "cyclo" prefix for cyclic structures.
• Example: Cyclic structure with 5 carbons: Cyclopentane.

Functional Groups**

• Halogens: Chloro, Bromo, etc., added as prefixes.
  • Example: Chloro-pentane.
• Alcohols: Ends with -ol.
  • Example: Butanol (remove 'e' and add 'ol').
• Aldehydes: Ends with -al.
  • Example: Pentanal.
• Ketones: Ends with -one.
  • Example: Propanone.
• Carboxylic Acids: Ends with -oic acid.
  • Example: Pentanoic acid.

Special Cases

• Multiple Substituents: Use di-, tri- prefixes.
  • Example: 2,3-Dimethylbutane.
• Order of Naming: Alphabetical for substituents.

Position of Bonds

• Indicate position with numbers before the suffix (e.g., But-2-ene).

Priority of Functional Groups

1. Carboxylic acids
2. Aldehydes
3. Ketones
4. Alcohols
5. Triple bonds
6. Double bonds
7. Halogens
8. Alkyl groups

Additional Notes

• Always use commas between numbers.
• Use dashes between numbers and letters.
• Priority affects suffix vs prefix positioning.

Practice and Application

• Importance of practicing with various examples.
• Try quizzes linked for enhanced understanding.

Conclusion

• Check final phenol example and submit in comments.
• Encouragement to share and subscribe for more content.