Focus on three main paradigms: Positivism, Interpretivism, Pragmatism.
Content based on an extract from an online course, "Research Methodology Boot Camp."
Importance of Research Philosophy
Often overlooked or confusing for students in academic research (dissertations, theses).
Understanding philosophical underpinnings is crucial, especially in social sciences.
Research philosophy refers to beliefs, assumptions, and principles guiding the study approach.
Terminology Clarification
Research Philosophy vs. Research Paradigm:
Both terms refer to beliefs guiding research.
Some definitions differentiate (philosophy relates to researcher; paradigm relates to study approach).
Simplified view: both terms involve the underlying beliefs and assumptions in research.
The Three Main Research Paradigms
1. Positivism
Rooted in hard sciences (physics, biology, astronomy).
Knowledge obtained through objective observations and measurements.
Utilizes quantitative data and often adopts experimental designs.
Focus on causal relationships between variables.
Example: Investigating effects of a dietary supplement on weight loss using a randomized control trial (RCT).
Aim for objectivity, generalizability, and replicability.
2. Interpretivism
Opposite of positivism on the research paradigm spectrum.
Assumes reality is socially constructed and subjective.
Aims to understand meanings and interpretations assigned by individuals.
Typically employs qualitative methodologies (interviews, observations, textual analysis).
Example: Understanding experiences of individuals with chronic pain through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis.
3. Pragmatism
Flexible and practical approach to research.
Focus on usefulness and applicability of findings.
Allows exploration of research aims crossing philosophical boundaries.
Can utilize both qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed methods approach).
Example: Investigating a new teaching method by comparing standardized test results (quantitative) and conducting interviews with students (qualitative).
Recap of Research Paradigms
Positivism: Reality independent of observer; knowledge through objective measurement.
Interpretivism: Reality is subjectively constructed; knowledge through subjective experiences.
Pragmatism: Middle ground approach; focuses on practical application of findings.
Conclusion
Research philosophy is foundational to methodological decisions in studies.
Understanding these paradigms helps clarify research aims and questions.
Encouragement to explore further resources and consider coaching for research methodology help.