Top Rank Review Academy Lecture Series

Introduction

• Host: Caroline Pelaez
• Event: Top-Ranked Nursing Lecturer Series
• Dates: May 24th - May 30th
• Schedule and Topics:
  • May 24th: Sir E.J Flaminiano
  • May 25th: Medical Surgical Nursing and Diabetes Mellitus Management Foot Care by Professor Lester Lindau
  • May 26th: Community Health Nursing and Health Education by Professor Jessie Daples (2 PM - 4 PM)
  • May 27th: Maternal Nursing by Professor Archie Elvis (6 PM - 8 PM)
  • May 28th: Fundamentals of Nursing by Professor Lianwell De Guzman (2 PM - 4 PM)
  • May 29th: Pediatric Nursing by Professor Archie Alves (6 PM - 8 PM)
  • May 30th: Psychiatric Nursing by Professor Kenneth Arzedon
• Free pharmacy and veterinary board exam reviews available.

About Top Rank Review Academy

• Established in 2013
• One of the biggest national review centers in the country
• 20 local and 4 international branches
• Local Branches: Manila (main branch), Quezon City, Marikina, La Wag, Legaspi, Naga, Cebu, Iloilo, Tacloban, Zamboanga
• International Branches: Jakarta and Bandung (Indonesia), Dubai and Abu Dhabi (UAE)
• Offers: SPLLE, NCLEX, HAAD, Prometric, UKCBT, IELTS, and OET reviews
• Top-notchers from various universities in multiple disciplines
• Awards: Golden Globe, Best Choice, Q Asia, Global Awards, Global Excellence Awards
• Books on sale: Top Rankers Guide, Battle Strategies
• Enrollment open for final coaching for the July and November board exams

Lecture: Medical Surgical Nursing & Diabetes Mellitus Management Foot Care

Speaker: Professor Lester Lindau

Diabetes Mellitus Statistics

• 9% of the population affected by diabetes
• Increase in premature mortality from diabetes until 2016
• 1.5 million deaths directly caused by diabetes in 2019
• 2.2 million deaths due to high blood glucose in 2012

Physiology of Diabetes

• Islet Cells: 20% produce glucagon, 70% produce insulin
• Glucagon: Increases blood glucose levels
• Insulin: Lowers blood glucose levels by transporting glucose to cells
• Carbohydrates: Primary source of energy
• Glycogenesis: Conversion of glucose to glycogen
• Glycogenolysis: Conversion of glycogen back to glucose during hypoglycemia

Types of Diabetes

• Type 1: Insulin-dependent, common complication is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Type 2: Non-insulin dependent, common complication is Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
• Secondary Types: Gestational, others caused by endocrinopathies

Pathophysiology and Symptoms of Diabetes

• Hyperglycemia: High blood glucose levels
• Polyuria: Frequent urination due to osmotic diuresis
• Polydipsia: Excessive thirst due to dehydration
• Polyphagia: Excessive hunger due to cellular starvation
• DKA: Characterized by ketones, metabolic acidosis, treated with IV insulin
• HHNS: Characterized by extreme hyperglycemia, dehydration

Complications of Diabetes

• Acute Complications: DKA, HHNS, hypoglycemia
• Chronic Complications: Cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy
• Management: Medications, diet, activity

Management of Diabetes

• Diet: High fiber, prudent diet (60% carbs, 20% fats, 20% protein)
• Medications: Insulin and oral hypoglycemics
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, signs of hypoglycemia
• Foot Care: Regular inspection, proper hygiene, avoid injuries, consult a podiatrist

Insulin Administration

• Given via subcutaneous injection
• Rotate injection sites to avoid lipodystrophy
• Avoid massaging the injection site
• Monitor for side effects like hypoglycemia and localized skin reactions

Conclusion

• Encouragement to stay safe and be diligent in studies
• Appreciation for participation and reminders about further events and resources available