hello everyone we are now down to our second topic for our subject profit 4 foundation of special and inclusive education with guidance and counseling for today we will have the history of special inclusive education in the philippines but later on you will also be introduced to the significant events and contributors for the world history so are you ready let's start today's topic will have three main objectives and these are to trace the history and movements of special education specifically in the philippines create a timeline for the history of sped emphasizing the significant events and contributors and advocate the importance of special education in the philippines through a short essay or paragraph for your main activity this will be timeline making now i want you to check this one in your module and if you're done you may review your timeline by following the rubric as our assessment tool the resource for this topic is on deck's special education division 1999 handbook and inclusive education now before we'll proceed with a history in tracing the history of sped in ie let us first have a short definition of the two main concepts we have in our subject the inclusive education was already introduced to you last time that special education was not yet shared so special education is the practice of providing individualized instruction and support to students with disabilities or learning difficulties and inclusive education on the other hand is the practice of educating students with disabilities alongside their peers without disabilities in the same classroom it is meant for all learners so we already know the difference of these two right when we talk about special education this emphasizes the catering or an individualized instruction and support for learners with disabilities however for the inclusive education not only the learners with disabilities but also the regular learners so they are actually mainstreamed in a regular setting now why are these two concepts related let us i want you to check this concept map here is a mind map or concept map that attempts to convey how we can view relationship between special education and inclusive education so since i already shared to you the principles of inclusive education in our first topic we will have the relationship of the two how is inclusive education helpful in the attainment of the needs of the learners in a special class so so far special education has existed without inclusive classroom practice these are commonly observed in the philippines we have a lot of special centers but none of these or very few only very few of the special centers are actually part of the inclusive setting set up so due to this oftentimes the responsibility of educating students with disabilities falls on the special educators not to the regular teachers because as i mentioned they are under the tutelage of the special education centers this results in students spending a lot of their school day school day outside the mainstream classroom in a small group setting so since they are not mainstream their uh their environment is limited only to those learners who also have disabilities just like them so diba you remember our our principal in the inclusive classroom or in inclusive society in the aspect of education we introduce the lre to our learners with disabilities that means the least restrictive classroom which is open to everyone so while this may be helpful in schools with teachers or the inclu the exclusive classroom for learners with disabilities are helpful helpful in schools where teachers or classrooms are not equipped to meet the needs of all this goes against the idea of inclusion this means we when we segregate students with disabilities that we do not provide them with the education they deserve within the classroom and it's it it's a kind of unfair thing that they do not experience the same experience that regular students are actually experiencing so it also may give deprivation or we may also deprive them for a repeatable quality education and social integration so while these two special education inclusive education are distinct practices that may exist by themselves each practice is actually stronger and more effective than these both of them coexist um last time right i mentioned to you that if the child if in if an inclusive classroom class if a child is ready to be mainstreamed then he can be mainstream in society however the mainstreaming may not be permanent depending on the need of the child with disability now let us start tracing back the history of sped so the history of sped and ie can be traced back during the great period or era until now in the 21st century now i'll be sharing to you first the world history then we will be down to the philippine history okay the great and roman period was known as the era it's the first um known history of sped which has become the era of extermination what's why it has become an era of extermination because this ability during this period is viewed as a punishment of the gods so they are considered as a bad or an evil sign or bad omen and they believe that an individual who is what he is now and forever so an individual though is what he is now and forever he can't be changed he can't be cured because he is in in he is a bad sign or an evil sign that receives the karma from the gods so there is the greek philosophers like plato and aristotle call for in infanticide so this means that whenever there was an infant born with disabilities she or he is not worthy to be born and have to be eradicated from the society and the philosopher cheryl cicero calls for the purity of the race which is a society free of defectives during this era class the need for military superiority is paramount so we know that during this time um what's in trend are is war war between one group to another so when someone was disabled because of war and is taken in the char in church which is taken in charge by the city the consequence or during this period the consequence during this period uh with which individuals with disabilities were chained left on heels to die throw off cliffs locked away or are drowned so they do not actually um what is that keep the sacred body of an individual once they are no longer worthy to be alive because for them they're no longer helpful they could be bad sign and they will be disabled forever so the father had the right to terminate child's life the deaf the blind and sick children have little or no more chance of living you see how brutal the people are in the time of the greek and roman period they don't give chances to people who are deaf and blind and biblically speaking in the old testament it is stated that god created man in his own image and likeness this is what i mentioned a while ago about philosopher cicero who calls for purity of the race which is called uh society free of defectives this implies that having a disability is a symbol of impurity so if you are disabled whether it's um because of war or biologically inherited you are actually considered as an impure individual during the medieval times or the middle age it is now called the era of ridicule or humiliation so the medieval time are those with during the medieval time those with disabilities were used as servants or fools some were still put to death and dwarves were even used as clowns and overall really killed for deformities and behavior so this uh it is a time for rigid case system also um i know if i don't know if you're familiar with the case system this um this presents idea that if you are poor if you are defective then you are outcasted in the community you are actually excluded in the community so there is very high manifestation of exclusion during the medieval period for the renaissance the renaissance time was the era of the asylum it was during this time that the catholic church accepted those with disabilities as swords of state so slowly people are becoming aware of what a disability mean and how do they need to be um assisted or taken cared of and these disabled individuals or individuals with deformities are cared for in its in isolation there was no education at first but human treatment was already done so their belief still once disabled always disabled but can still be seen and can which can still be seen in the p in this period although it has already um developed their awareness was already developed because of the movement of the action of jesus christ behind the bible where he took care of the sea healed them or treated them and informed people that they should not be someone whom we can be afraid of because they are also human now after the renaissance is the period of educability which emphasizes the philosophy that without education there is no humanity it's also the time after those periods of renaissance medieval and um greek um here comes in the idea of inclusion now before we'll have um deeper understanding and inclusion and the history of inclusion how did it come about in its history from sped down to inclusivity let us know first some of the contributors of special needs educator or special education who really advocated the idea of helping people with special needs so some of these experiences with were with pedro ponce de leon from spain who created the first documented experience about education for the deaf children so he actually um served as an educator for the church for these children who cannot hear we also have abby charles michelle dop from paris who created the institute for swords or the institute for the deaf and then we have louise braille who invented the braille script braille script class is actually used by blind people this is their way of understanding or knowing how to read and recognizing letters of the alphabet later on we will have more discussion on braille system by louise braille if we will be in the topic already of different difficulties especially the difficulty in seeing then came the pioneers of sped so that is why they are known as pioneers because they were the first contributors in special education so they advocated teaching and helping learners with special needs so we have number one john mark despard itard itard is a french physician and educator who was one of the first earliest teachers to argue that special teaching methods could be effective in educating disabled children so in between 1801 and 1805 itard used systematic techniques to teach a boy named victor he taught him how to communicate with others and how to perform daily living skills such as dressing himself now today ethard is recognized as one of the founding fathers of special education he became the first person to develop a student-centered approach within his curriculum that emphasized individual child the individual child later on we will be discussing about individual educational program which is actually which came from the idea of etard on a student-centered approach for an individual child having special needs so his work with victor who is known as the wild boy of alveron earned it an international reputation we also have edward sagin edward sagin is a french psychologist who had studied with ethard immigrated to the united states and developed several influential guidelines for educating children with special needs so he this is particularly on children with mental retardation so seconds education programs stress the importance of developing independence and self-reliance in displays in disabled students by presenting them with a combination of physical and intellectual tasks we also have maria montessori montessori's education is a flow of experience that builds on the continuing self-construction of the child in their daily weekly year and yearly for the duration of the program so our schools are divided into multi-age classrooms which compose of the first the parent and infant this is age 0-3 and then preschool age three to six and lower and upper elementary age six to nine and nine to twelve then we have the middle school age twelve to fourteen so the prepared environments introduce an interrupted series of learning passages which is a continuum in a continual manner this does not happen only in one setting or in one month this continues as soon as as long as a child is willing and is still in the in the state of learning so the prepared environment by maria as maria's concept is the environment that can be designed to facilitate maximum independent learning and exploration by the child so in a shorter um this description or explanation her way or according to maria that children should learn or regardless of their ability they should learn through exploration they should learn through experience like they learn inside the classroom in a set up mariama disorder is set up wherein they they develop their basic skills at the same time learn other skills so common practices common um activities that are done in the schools especially for the children preschools we have like tying of shoes and bottling and then buttoning of shirts and then holding of spoon and fork so those are very basic skills but they are the foundation for learning that's montessori's idea of learning so she actually prepares children in an environment where and they will be prepared on what uh on what the real things are happening in the real in their real life okay so we also have ovida de crowley according to dr crowley the school will be located wherever is the nature wherever life is wherever the work is and wherever the work is so in 1901 the crowley founded a school for children with mild disabilities particularly on behavioral disorders learning disabilities and light mental retardation the crowley gradually invented his pedagogy in teaching children with special needs and in 1907 he founded a school for ordinary children with the same pedagogy so he does not only focus on children with special needs but also those children who are actually ordinary or regular children but needs to also experience real life experiences and whatever is most important in learning or in learning development so in the last century in the 1900s biological emphasis to medical model then to institutional care were observed starting from the era the earliest era down to the to the latest or to the known contributors different emphasis on um education special education where were presented and although there are different presentations or there are different experiences in special education develop in the development of special education the goal is for people to be aware on on the society that there are certain people who really have special needs so from 1900 to 1950s there was compulsory education so the creation of classes or schools fundamentally blind death etc were also implemented after the second world war the creation of special education system was organized in parallel to ordinary system this now came the idea of inclusive education before when uh the idea is still segregated where learners with specialists or people with special need needs are segregated in one area or in one set up now we are opening uh the environment or the community is now slow uh opening to an idea that these people with special needs can be part of the society where learners or where people who are regular are in so to sum up there are four periods of special needs education number one the instruction for pupils with sensory disabilities many disabled children were excluded from school number two the care for the disabled the medical care and rehabilitation children are segregated into homogeneous groups and number three the principle of normalization and integration and then number four we have the educa educational equality and equal educational services or the inclusion so we know that inclusive education is now widely accepted with its pedagogical and policy principle but the history has been long and it's difficult starting from the time where people are still ridiculed humiliated and even excluded in the community until in the time of awareness and advocacy or initiative with the different contributors or people who gave their passion or their advocacy advocate advocacy to learners or to people with special needs so this time um i discussed to you a while ahead the idea of inclusive education because i would want you to understand its principle in order for us to truly know why it's very important how important it is in the attainment of the goal of special education which is independence of learners with special needs in the society now let us proceed to the history of spain in the philippines spent in the philippines started in 1900s during the american colonization in the country the growth of special education in the philippines has been given a relatively good support of these years both by the government non-government organizations and stakeholders in response to the needs and challenges of the times the level of awareness of both the government and the private sector in providing equal opportunities to children with special needs have considerably increased one positive development in special education is the implementation of republic act 70-77 or otherwise known as the magna carta for disabled persons it's an act providing for the rehabilitation self-development and self-reliance of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society in support of this legislation the government of the department of education has directed all school divisions in the country to establish special education centers to help provide effective delivery of special education services nationwide so here are some of the uh known contributors since i mentioned a while ago that sped in the philippines has became popular or has really um roused uh roast in our country during the american regime or the american colonization so four of the four of our american american influencers have great contribution to our special education program in the country we have number one fred atkinson fred atkinson is the general superintendent during the time he proposed that the deaf and blind children should be enrolled in schools like the other children after discovering that they are in census in essence in manila and nearby provinces so we all know that most of the the popular schools during this time were still found in luzon and a lot of influencers who are americans have helped improved the quality or the development or improved the establishment of special education in our country we also have the light rise delight rice is the first ever known teacher volunteer teacher for this bed the hearing daughter of deaf parents was the first teacher of the deaf in the philippines and this was in 1907. so she and david burrows this other contributor established the manila is the institute for the deaf and the dumb now called philippine school for the deaf located in harrison pasay city and we also have maria villa francisco who was appointed as the first filipino principal of the school this time um he is now she maria is now a filipino principal who volunteered for the uh being the principal the principal for the school for the deaf and the blind now here are the earliest years noted to have important events in the history of special education in the philippines in 1927 the government established welfare veiled children's village in mandaluyong where the jose fabilia memorial school was founded by dr joseph abella the father of public health and social welfare the joseph billiam memorial school is a public integrated special school located in welfareville compound mandaluyong city in metro manila it is founded on december 3 1925 as the warefield veal school and it is considered as one of the oldest educational institutions in mandaluyong city and is currently one of the four public special schools in the philippines it serves as the umbrella organization of 12 special education units located in the different parts of metro manila and rizal it offers kindergarten elementary secondary junior and senior high school and special education to regular students and students with additional needs in 1945 the national orthopaedic hospital opened its school for crippled children or the nohscc this school for crippled children is a national special school that provides formal informal education to children with exceptional needs whose commonality is being orthopedically handicapped it was established in 1947 when the noh director jv de los santos felt a need of having special education teachers to conduct bedside teaching to a greater number of patients who were elementary school children these children were whose nature of ailments is in need is need months or years of hospital confinement received instruction at first from volunteers and later on from teachers requested by the hospital from the defunct bureau of public schools in 1949 the quezon city science high school for gifted learners was inaugurated and philippine foundation for the rehabilitation of the disabled was organized the vision of providing splendid opportunities for the more talented students of quezon city and those who have great interest in mathematics and science came into reality when mrs harmon hilda g margate the division science supervisor conceived establishment of the science high school in quezon city this idea was announced by mr alfredo j andal city superintendent of schools in the year 1967. in 1952 a pilot school for the sped at the philippine women's university of mentally handicapped children was started all children from the school were transferred from the special child study center in cabal quezon city in 1957. in 1953 the el sri gotchas village was established in laban rizal to take care of the abandoned and orphaned kids and young person with physical and mental disabilities take note classes that this elsi gotcha's village was owned by american couple and was later on turned over to the government for the support of these children who are orphaned and abandoned so home to many abandoned children elsie gotcha's village accommodates about 470 people who suffer from a range of mild to severe mental disorders those who suffer from such diseases demand constant care and resources to help support their everyday life in 1954 the first week of august was declared a site saving week so last july 5 1954 through the proclamation number 40 president ramon magsaysay he declared the first week of august of every year aside conservation week since then the month of august has been celebrated aside saving month the celebration aims to emphasize the importance of protecting and taking good care of the eyes likewise the celebration encourages the public to be aware of available means of restoring lost eyesight and the value of organ donation particularly to corny and eye donation in 1957 the bureau of public schools or bps of the department of education and culture created the special education sector sector or section for the particular subjects and services division so here in this year actually class there are already um specific subjects particularly for sped um education or special education so later on it was then um realized that there would be course for especially for sped so in 1958 the regional office of the american foundation for overseas blind or o alphob was opened in manila to help the deck by supplying consultancy services in the teacher preparation plan so with the approval of ra 3562 this is the training of dec or department of education culture teachers scholars for blind children started at the philippine normal university so um teachers who were trained during this time are actually regular teachers class they were not actually um sped teachers so they were trained by um scholars and are expected to teach or accommodate children who are blind in the community especially in the pnu in the ra 5250 which is also related to ra 35 uh the related to the previous uh republic act in 1970 the government updated the 10-year training for teacher for children with behavioral problems which started in university of the philippines so this time um it was the 10-year training for the teachers um in order to cater children with behavioral problems so it happened in the university of the philippines then in 1975 the division of manila city schools implemented the syllabus concept of special education in the philippines in the public elementary schools what is concept this means implementing and promoting the inclusion of children with disabilities with regular schools through the philippines so as you can see introduces already the idea of inclusion in which disabled children or children with disabilities are in uh are promoted are introduced or are encouraged to be part of the regular schools in some schools in the philippines then in 1980 the school for the crippled children at the southern island hospital in cebu was organized in 1995 it was the first national congress on mental retardation at the university of the philippines in the le mans quezon city and the first national sports summit for the disabled and elderly were held so um during this first national sports summit there were a lot of activities intended for the disabled children or the disabled individuals one of those very common class is the marathon for the crippled so i'll i want you to check on this in the internet what are some of the activities and how were these activities actually um um happened how did this activities happen in the past then in 1997 inclusive education was officially adopted by the department of education in the philippines as a viable educational alternative to cater to the needs of the learners with disabilities now we understand that even up until now from that year 1997 and up until now inclusive there was no full implementation yet of inclusive education because our number one um challenge is that the facilities and the budget of our country of the department of education however the idea of inclusion to children with different abilities and talents and even um beliefs was already accepted even in the year 1997 and then in the year 1998 so it's under dex order number five series of 1998 there is reclassification of regular teacher and principal items to special education teacher and special special school principal item so since um during the training in the past and then later on um courses for special education were already offered there is now there is a classification of regular teachers and principals to the special education teachers and special school principals items now i have not heard much of special school principal items but i have heard a lot already of schools offering special education courses for teachers who want four students who want to become future sped teachers then dex order number 33 series of 1999 this is the implementation of the administrative order number 101 directing the department of public works and highways or the decks and shed to provide architectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state colleges universities and other buildings later on class you will know what a specific law is actually implemented under this or related to this debit order or dex order number 33 dep ed formerly known as dex class department of education culture and sports uh you will know later on what specific legal foundation or legal base can be related to this this uh that's the bp 344 if you have read already your next module so this emphasizes on the provision of architectural facilities or any structural feature for disabled person in state colleges university and even in other establishments as long as its public establishments then we have the dex order number 11 series of 2001 which recognizes special education centers in the philippines so there are already um special education centers right now which are recognized by dep ed and we have one uh we have already i think few in bukit non we have one in impasogon that's under jaika um foundation and we also have the welcome home foundation in sun pong i do not know if that's still working right now and we also have this pet center in um national and in mscch or the malabala city central school so there they are actually catering spread learners who are at first um what is that um separated in in special classroom and then later on uh mainstreamed in the regular classroom then in 2002 an ongoing mobile teacher training program by the department of education and the university of the philippines trained regular and special education teachers on how to educate children with special needs then in 2010 or the special education act of 2010 this is an act establishing at least one special educa special education center for each school division and at least three special education centers in big schools division for children with special needs guidelines for government special financial assistance and other incentives and support now um as additional for your activity i would like you to search on sped schools or sped centers in bokidnon you try to ask how many or what are the different schools sped centers in valencia in malaya and even in the other municipalities so that's according to the special education act of 2010 this should have or every division should have at least one sped center and in the bigger school divisions like we have bukit non um there should be at least um sped centers also that of course follows the guidelines from the government and financial assistance and other incentives and support should also be provided by the government okay so i think that those are all the um important events in the history of sped now i would like to leave you with this quote history cannot give us a program for the future but it can give us a fuller understanding of ourselves and of our common humanity so that we can better face the future this is according to robert penwarin and i know that this is part of your model part of the activity in your module which i won't be um sharing the thought my idea on this but i'll just be reading some of your ideas in your module so um i would like to say that um history of the uh of sped in the philippines have taken a long way in order that it can be fully implemented and recognized in the country however there are lapses but these lapses also help contributors and teachers and school leaders improve or evaluate more intervention intervention programs in order that sped can spend or the special education program can really keep their learners with special needs and at the same time this uh this the goals or the aims of special education program which is independent independence to children with special needs will be achieved so truly the present and the future waves of transformation brought about by the different periods of events in the history it places us the advantage of bridging special education of yesterday and special education of tomorrow so we in education after all prepares tomorrow's adults not only adults these are our learners not only for a life of work but also for a life of birth i actually got this idea from teresita in song who was one of the researchers about sped history of spent in the philippines she shared about the importance of knowing the history of sped in the philippines in tomorrow's result on how sped can help better can better help people or filipinos with special needs okay so here are our references for today's lesson for today's topic i hope you try to read open these references and then you can also have additional information aside from what i've shared to you in this video so i hope you learned something from our topic for the special for the history of special education in the philippines thank you so much and have a good day um you wait for the next video and until the next time bye everyone