Global Interstate System Overview

Hello everyone, welcome to the Contemporary World Subject. In today's discussion, we are going to discuss the last chapter of our final coverage, the Global Interstate System. But before that, let me introduce myself. Hi, I am... I am Lady Heart Ismeli and I am from Bachelor of Elementary Education 1. Today, we are the last group to discuss the Chapter 4 of our lesson entitled The Global Interstate System. With the end of this chapter, we will be able to conclude our session. In this chapter, we will be able to know the global governance in the 21st century, effects of globalization the governments, the relevance of states and globalization, institutions that govern international relations, globalization and globalism, informationalism and global citizenship. So first, let us know what is global interstate system. Global Interstate System It is the whole system of human interactions. The modern world system is structured politically as an interstate system, a system of competing and allying states. Political scientists commonly call this the international system and is the focal point of the field of international relations. Alright, so this explains the efforts of different countries and governments all over the world. To have a cooperation and collaboration. Example nito ay yung IMF natin o yung International Monetary Fund and the World Bank as well o yung WB. So from the word itself, interstate. When we say interstate, it is the relation of each state. When we say inter kasi, it has something to do with the relationship with each other. Kapag sinabi naman nating global, it's a relationship. relationship of countries globally around the world. Kapag sinabi naman nating system, meron tayong sinusunod na sistema, step-by-step process. Ano yung proseso na yun? Of course, to attain a certain economic, political, environmental, and social goals. Kaya ang Philippines, meron din tayong sinusunod na batas. Mga alituntunin when it comes to its international engagement with other countries. For example, For example, pagdating sa international trading ng Philippines sa ibang countries, merong batas na sinusunod. Pagdating sa international market, meron ding sinusunod na batas. So in short, meron tayong policies na dapat sundin. And without further ado, let's start with our first topic, the global governance in the 21st century together with Ms. Shira Dumagat. Global governance In the 21st century, I am Dumage Chayra Igaran and I am the reporter of this topic. What is global governance in the contemporary world? Why is it important? Because of global public goods, particularly field and security, justice and mediation systems for conflict, and the last one is functioning markets and unified institutions. standards for trade in industry. There is a series of specific factors behind the emergence of global governance. The first on the list must be the declining power of nation-states. If states themselves were highly contingent and in flux, it would open the possibility of the emergence of some form of global governance to fill the void. So the lightening of the education of the government is Resulta ng ilang mga natatangin kadahilanan. Ang unang item daw po sa listahan ay dapat na pagbaba ng kapangyarihan sa If the states are highly contingent and in flux, the doors are open for the administration of the state to fulfill the visa. A second factor in the vast flows of all sorts of things that run into the often right through the borders of nation-states, this could involve the flow of digital information of all sorts through the internet it is difficult if not impossible for a nation-state to stop such flow and any case it is likely that such action would be politically unpopular and bring much negative reaction to the nation-state involved in such an effort for example china's periodic effort to the interfer with the internet have growth great condemnation both internally and externally. So the wide range of various things, this is the most common in the countries of the state. This is the second reason. It may need the delivery of various types of digital information through the internet. The end of such a wave is difficult, if not impossible, for a country-state and for any case. The natural action is likely not popular in politics and will result in many negative reactions from the country-state that are involved in natural efforts. For example, the repeated attacks by China that disturbed the internet has resulted in a large condemnation. sa kapwa sa loob at labas ng bansa then there is a mass migration of people in their entry often illegally into various nation-states if states are unable to control this then there is a need for some sort of global governance to help deal with the problem the flow of chemical elements as well as their products drugs laundered money, those both in salt and sex trafficking, etc. is a strong factor in the call for global governance. So, yung pagdaloy daw po ng mga droga or yung mga drug gang at kanilang mga produkto which is droga sa iba't ibang bansa, ito daw po yung unang pinagmumula ng tensyon sa pagitan ng mga bansa at kanilang mga tao. Kung hindi daw po ito makontrol, kinakailangan The few years of the government's leadership, some countries need to help to get rid of this case in different states. I can say that this is really a miracle and it will not disappear in different countries in the world. In these cases, in others, there is a need for some degree of order, some sort of effective authority, and at least some potential for the improvement of human life. These are but a few of the things that can be delivered by some form of global governance. So, sa mga ito po, sa iba't iba pang mga kaso, may mga pangangailangan para sa ilang antas ng kaayusan. Isang uri ng magandang otoridad at hindi bababa. sa ilang potensyal para sa pagbubuti ng buhay or pagpapabuti ng buhay ng isang tao. Ilan lamang ito sa mga bilipisyong maibibigay ng ilang anyo ng pandaigdigang pamamahala. Another set of issues that has lead to calls for global governance involves horrendous events within nation-states that the states themselves either foment and carry out or are unable to control. for example in therefore sudan perhaps hundreds of thousands had been killed millions of people displaced in the lives of many destructed in a conflict that dates back to early the government of sudan and its military had been implicated in the conflict between ethnic and tribal groups and in that sudanese government had been resistant to outside interference and its internal affairs one could even go back to and argue that the holocaust could had been prevented or at least mitigated had there been a viable form of global governance to put pressure on nazi germany in ultimately to intervene in a more material way perhaps military so then there are global problems that single nation-state cannot hope to tackle on their own one is the global financial crisis and panic that swept the world which nations are often unable to deal with on their own. So, may mga pandigdigang problema po na hindi kayang harapin ng isang bansa na mag-isa. So, ang isa ay maaaring bumalik sa WWII at mag-away na ang Holocaust ay maaaring mapigilan. Kung mayroong isang mabubuhay na anyo ng pandigdigang pamamahala, ang gobyerno ng sudan daw po ay dumalaban sa paghihimasok ng sa loob at panlabas na gawain ito strange nineteen ninety six and that some nations example the nations of southeast asia had often been and are being victimized by such crises unable to help themselves such nations are in need of assistance from some type of global governance nation-states have long struggled to deal with progress like these through various interstate systems e g alliances such as natu but the more recent trend is toward the development of more truly global structures and methods of dealing with various sorts of issues and problems so may mga bansang estado po na matagal nang nagpupumulit na harapin problems like this through different interstate systems, for example, the NATO alliance, but one of the trends is towards the creation of more true and strong structures and a way of facing various issues and problems that can be found in global governance and in our country. That's all I have to report. Again, I am Dumaga Sherry Icaran from VKEd 1A. Each state has its own right to self-determination and that other countries should not intervene in the affairs of a state unless there are extraordinary reasons to do so. Other countries must recognize sovereignty or the right to govern one's own territorial borders. Each state is autonomous unto itself and responsible within its own system of government to those who are governed. The decisions, the conflict, and the resolution of the conflict are done to the institution of government established and codified in that particular state whether or not through elections. So, sa government natin, meron tayong tinatawag na constitution. A constitution provides the basis for governance in a country, which is essential for making sure that everyone's interests and needs are addressed. It determines how laws are made and details the process by which the government rules, which is it is divided into three the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Elections, especially in democratic society, provide the leadership of a state. In addition, the policy is developed and implemented in the interest of the people or a state by a specific government. A civil society within a state can also act as counterweight or as a supplement to government. government. Civil society includes private economy, educational institutions, churches, hospitals, fraternal organizations, and other non-profit organizations. There have been several challenges to government and ultimately to state autonomy. We can divide these challenges into four. The traditional challenges, challenges of national or identity movements, global economics, and last is the global social movement. Traditional challenges. External intervention can generally be described as invasion by other countries. For example, when Saddam Hussein was the ruler of Iraq in 1990, he decided he was going to take over the oil fields of Kuwait. He invaded Kuwait and took it over. As a result, he was dislogged by an international coalition led by the United States. These days, as we can see, external intervention in other forms. Russia's external intervention into the affair of Ukraine as foreign state in the post-Soviet era is another instance of intervention in the autonomy of a state. Russia intervenes the affair of people in Crimea who want to become part of Russia again, even though they are part of Ukraine. Crimea declared its independence from Ukraine and reaffiliated with Russia. Internal political challenges can also happen. For example, after the Arab Spring in Egypt, a new constitution was created and a government was elected. That government was more fundamentalist and rejected the notion of plural society that includes religious diversity. The military staged a coup that deposed the government in order to restore stability. Other examples included Taliban's effort to control the government of Afghanistan. In Syria, the original rebellion against Assad came from countries' own internal dissenters who wanted to replace the government even though they were also Syrian national. The next challenges are part of a national identity or movement. It is important to know that a nation has cultural identity that people attach to, while a state is a definite entity due to specific boundaries. However, different people with different identities can live in different states. For example, the Kurds reside in several different countries including Iraq, Iran and Turkey. The Catalans live primarily in Spain but we can also find some of them in France. Scottish nationalism is another example that challenged the traditional notion of state sovereignty. In 2014, Great Britain had a vote to Scotland to decide whether Scotland was going to become its own autonomous state, apart from Great Britain. They voted against it but Scotland has a significant degree of autonomy now as compared to more than two decades years ago. Global movements such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS are another example of national or identity movements. In this case, they are structured around the fundamentalist version of Islam. There are further challenges that we will look at these lessons and yet another reporter will discuss them in the following videos. Thank you for taking time to listen and watch my presentation. Again, I am Nicole P. de los Reyes from BED 1-A. Good day everyone, my name is Johnru P. Pascacho from BED 1-A and today I will discuss the topic from the contemporary world, the global interstate system, global economics. The Global Economics The third major source of challenge comes from the global economics. Global economy demands the states to conform the rules of the free market capitalism. Government austerity comes from the development of organizations that cooperate across countries, such as WTO and regional agreements, such as NAFTA, the European Union, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The economy of the world is the economy of all people, which is about the economic system, which is the equivalent of all economic activities that are done within and within the country, including production, consumption, control of the economy, Trabaho sa pangkahalatan, pagpipilian ng mga halaga sa pananalapi at kalakala ng mga kalakal at silisyo. Yun ang ibig sabihin ng global economics. Neoliberal economics or neoliberal capitalism started in the 1980s. It focuses on free trade and dismantling trade barriers. It made sure that governments did not impose restrictive regulations on corporate presence, as well as on the free flow of capital and jobs. Free trade was seen as the ideal or the normative belief, that is, the best economy is one where there is free trade everywhere. Laws and standards that would interfere with the flow of capital in a particular country, including environmental regulations, were deemed to discourage economic growth. Neoliberal economics requires a state to cooperate in the global market through the free flow of capital, the privatization of services, and fiscal austerity or constraint. In turn, the government's role is diminished as it relates to the market. Neoliberal economics is seen as a threat in general because a state cannot protect its own economic interest as a sovereign state. A specific example to expand global economic influence is the use of IMF and the World Bank enforcing government reforms in poorer countries. Furthermore, the regional economic development efforts focus on expanding free trade and market liberalization. Businesses from developed countries put their factories and pay people to build factories and produce goods in developing countries worldwide. This corporation will sell the product in developing countries. This exacerbates rising inequality in the world. Grease is one example that explains how neoliberal economics can't retain the sovereignty of a state. It began in 1981 when Greece joined the EU. As a larger alliance, the EU broke down all kinds of barriers among its member states, including Greece, like passports, visas, and license plates. It allowed people to travel across European borders and encouraged economic cooperation and collaboration of member states. Twenty years later. Greece adopted the Euro as its own currency and got rid of Drachma. The governments of Greece borrowed money for infrastructure improvements, largely linked to their hosting of the 2004 Olympics. This puts Greece in a large debt in 2007 and 2008. The worldwide financial crisis made Greece's economy to collapse. Aside from high debt that burned the government, Greece had several of its employees struggling with pensions. Tax revenues were lower and as a result, they could not pay their debts back in 2009. Their credits rating dropped which made it harder for them to pay back their debt. This led to a series of austerity package increase which meant that there was less government Spending. IMF bailed them out from the crisis in exchange for more austerity. In conclusion, economic crisis can force government to subscribe to their terms and conditions of the global financial market. And other nations, they can help them regain economic stability. A pleasant afternoon to all viewers out there. I know that some of you already know me. But to those who are not, I am Mikaela Miklat, 20 years old, and I will be presenting the relevance of the state amid globalization. So what comes to our mind when we hear about globalization? Is this globalization or this? How about this? Hmm. Yes, you are right. All of these are globalization. But what is the definition of globalization? So that is the definition of globalization. Sa madaling salita, ang globalization ay ang pag-trade ng mga resources, services globally. Ito yung pagpapalitan ng mga produkto sa magkakaiba. but ibang bansa. So for me, for seamless, smooth and integrated production, countries must liberalize their visa rules and procedure. para madaling makapasok yung mga tao and mga resources sa mga iba't ibang bansa. Kasi ang malayang production is paraming benefits. Una na dyan is nabibigyan ng trabaho yung mga tao. Pangalawa, natutulungan yan yung mga undeveloped countries na mag-develop. So if we notice, there are many people who are entering. products from other countries here in the Philippines. There are iPhone products, there are markets made by other countries like Korean market. Here in Inhoble, Zambales, there is Korean market. So there are many products that are traded here in the Philippines. So, ang tanong ko, What is the relevance of state amid globalization? So, what is the importance of state amid globalization? That is what we will learn. So, if you want to know, sit back and relax and click the continue button so you can learn. So, there are many people who are confused about the term state and nation. Madalas, sa pagbabalik na nila ito, So, we need to discuss it so that we can avoid confusion later. So, let's start with the state. Let's look at its definition. So, as stated in the definition, the state is very unique because they have their own territory or territory that they govern. They have their own territory. They also have their own practices and rules and people that they govern. So, how can we say that the state is one place? It should have four elements of being a state. What are they? Let's find out. So, nabanggit dyan na merong four elements ang state. Una na dyan ay ang people, territory, government, and sovereignty. So, unahin natin ang people. So, bakit nga ba kailangan ng tauhan ng isang state? Siyempre, upang merong mamuno at merong taong pamamahalaan ng to rule. The people here must be permanent. They must be permanent. No man's people are needed here who are like a transfer of location. If you are just here in this location, in this state, you are just there. And of course, if there are people, there is territory. It's like your house. You will not be alone. You will not be alone. if you don't have a home and you won't have a home if you don't have a home so you need to have a territory with mountains, land sea and anything else next is the government the government needs to be the state of a location because the government is the one who handles the peace in a territory Siya yung gumagawa ng rules. Parang bahay niyo lang din yan. Diba? Yung government yun yung parents mo. Sila yung gumagawa ng rules and ikaw yung nag-obey ng rules. So, kailangan ng government. And lastly is the sovereignty. So, kailangan. Ang isang state ay merong kalayaan. Meron siyang kalayaan. Hindi siya kayang kontrolin ng ibang bansa. Dapat malaya din yung mga tao dito. take note in guys that one location will not be in state if it does not have 4 elements so it needs to have 4 elements even if one is not here, it will not be considered as So, kailangan apat. So, meron siyang people, territory, government, and lastly, sovereignty. Pinak importante. So, susunod naman is yung nation. So, let's define nation. So that is the definition of nation. So the name of the word nation is a population that shared commonalities such as tradition, culture, religion, and history. So, it is important to know the difference between state and nation. So, for you to understand better, let's use Philippines as an example. So, if you refer Philippines as a state, you refer to Philippines as a state. mo dito is yung government, sovereignty, and territory nito. So, yung apat na principle na tinurukuan yung na is meron yun ang Philippines. So, meron siyang people, territory, government, and sovereignty na pa-internal man or external. So, while kapag pinag-usapan natin na as a nation ang Philippines, tinutukoy natin dito yung mga commonalities natin, such as identity, history and so on so important to tell them a different shape more or a limo quantum pinaka even states nation anyways meron tyone tina taba na national self-determination so a la minna think one indy condition yeah So that is the definition of national self-determination. So it is a principle that allows people to create their own identity. Whether they consider themselves as a state, nation, it is their choice. And usually this group of people are those groups that have similar political ambitions. Where they create their independent government or state. and for your information this principle was introduced during world war one by u.s president woodrow woodrow wilson so he is the one who promoted this principle in short national self-determination is about allowing people to create their own destiny so these people are those who have similar culture religion and so on so madalas kaya gusto nilang mag unite is now. First, they are not satisfied with the government so they want to create their own government. And the second is to protect their culture. They are uniting like that. So, take note that national self-determination is not that easy to achieve. There could be wars, terrorism, revolution, successor, state. and popular voting. So, there are many processes to achieve national self-determination. Like here in the Philippines, for example, Bangsamoro. I know that some of you are familiar with Bangsamoro, but to those who are not, Bangsamoro is an autonomous region within the Philippines. So, this is the region that is free. So before they achieved this, they struggled first. So this concept or this national soul determination brings us to nation-state. So what is nation-state? Let's see the definition. So that is the definition of nation-state. So basically, nation-state is a system of organization wherein ang mga tao dito is may commonalities. And syempre, nakalocate sila inside this. Obviously, that's why they are called nation-state. Also, nation-state inside the country has firm borders and single government. In short, nation-state are homogeneous people that govern by its own sovereign state. So, there are various arguments about this topic which is globalization and one of them is the efficiency of the nation-state in the midst of globalization. So, let's see. kung ano ba yung mga argument na ito. So, you see, Gelp in 2001 said, the nation-state is the major player when it comes to globalization. I mean, sa gitna ng globalisasyon, ang nation-state state is the first to suffer, they will be the first to get rid of these problems. That is why it is easy for them to adjust if there are changes in the middle of globalization. Meanwhile, Conley 2002 believed that the nation state has at least some power amid globalization. I mean, sa badaling salita, agree din siya that at some point, nation-state does have part when it comes to globalization while man 2007 said that nation-state is kind of different because they have this kind of effective strategy in the piece of globalization there are rumors also that says that the permanent inexistent of nation-state is greatly greatly exaggerated. I mean, they have the biggest impact in the middle of globalization. So, if their existence doesn't show anymore, it might have a negative impact on our economy. However, Daniel Belland, 2008, argues, so let's see his point of view. So, according to Daniel, the role of the state is injuring and even increasing in advanced industrial society. I mean, their role or role in the economy is to... They have a big impact in the middle of globalization. Imagine they have two of advanced industrial societies and that advanced industrial societies show how efficient they are in the field of globalization. And commonly, we consider insecurity as a bad thing. But surprisingly, then you'll see that the four major sources of insecurity are the reason why state have greater demands so what are those insecurities? let's see so the common source of insecurities is terrorism and economic globalization these two are the source of insecurity because it brings problems such as outsourcing, diseasing, the spread of diseases and so on but state uses this insecurity to response to the threats. I mean, what they are doing is not just solving the problems, instead, they are making it more complicated or they are making it look exaggerated. So that the citizens are more insecure, which later helped them. So, I will give you an example so you can understand it better. So I'll make this story short kung paano naging solution ng insecurity. If you are familiar with 2003 war between US, UK, and Iraq na kung saan ang UK and US is nagkaroon ng argument about sa pag-elusive sa Iraq. Some says that US want the oil of Iraq as we all know that Iraq has don't have oil. But according to George Bush, Saddam Hussein, the president of Iraq is the one who supported 9-11. he is the one who gave weapon to them he added also that saddam has weapon not simple weapon but a weapon of mass destruction that can destroy both uk and us he even claimed that iraq is a threat to them his collective insecurity and other outrageous claim leads to citizen insecurity yung citizen insecurity yun yung naging daan para maging favor ang mga tao na The civil Iraq a lot of people die in Iraq and they even sent them who sent to that by hanging or public day In the end, well, I will happen. See long evidence and a Papa to nana They don't that I don't like one system said it to you since I become they make the problem looks exaggerated to respond to their problem The bank in a car up in the problema is terrorism So Peter the money long exaggerated on They released claims that not even true to make their situation worse. So, it helped because they did a lot of work in Iraq because of public support. However, the other side of the argument by Gilpen 2001 said that the global process of various kind are not as powerful as many believe. like for example global business fails in comparison to business within many countries. Conley also said that it would be a mistake simply to see globalization as a threat to a constraint on the nation-state. I mean he believed that globalization is not a threat actually it could be an opportunity for the nation-state so I will give you an example so that it can work. Good morning everyone, I am Lishan Kamat and my report is about Non-Governmental Organization or NTUs. Another example of an international organization that was developed out of war is the Red Cross or Red Cross and Muslim Countries. It is considered as a non-governmental organization. NGOs are not tied to any country. This allows them to operate freely throughout the world. They provide emergency reliefs such as food, water, and medical supplies for those whose homes or towns have been destroyed by disaster in or war. They also monitor the treatment of prisoners of war and go to conflicts to make sure that no war crimes are taken care. Red Cross Topa is an example of an international organization that is being built or created from the war. This is a non-governmental organization or NG. The NGUs are not tied to any country or nation. It's like they don't have a control over their own country. They don't have a ruler over their own country. That's why they are called NGUs. This is a sign of their freedom to rule the world. Because they don't have a ruler over their own country, they can rule the world. for emergency assistance such as food, water, and medical supplies for those who were damaged by the violence. They also monitor the treatment of those who were involved in the violence and go to the hospitals to make sure that no criminals are involved in the violence. In fact, the Red Cross began as an organization to help those who wear wooden flooring wires. The Big Red Cross worn by NGOs is the identification that they are not soldiers, part of why it is important for the Red Cross. red cross to be an ngos is that why they remain neutral and would help the wooden from both side of war since they are neutral governments are more likely to let them come in their countries to help while the headquarters of the International Red Cross is in Geneva, Switzerland. They have branches all around the world. In addition to the Red Cross, they are many NGOs dedicated to helping people around the world. Doctors Without Borders provides free emergency health care in disaster areas. Oxfam fights famine and disease and Save the Children helps kids get health care and education. Red Cross started as an organization to help the victims of the cross to become an NGO is their commitment to stay neutral and help those who were hurt from the other side of the road. So, means boys, they don't have any opinions and the two panikmis are helping or doing their job. Because they are neutral, they allow the governments to go to their countries to help. While the full approval of the International Red Cross is in Geneva, Switzerland, they have allies all over the world. So, it means, boys, even if you don't have the... Their entire job is to move and rotate the things that they can help the Blacks. As an additional to Red Cross, many NGOs have contributed to helping people in need. Doctors Without Borders will provide free emergency care for people in need. Oxfam fights hunger and sickness. Save the Children helps children get health and education. Good day everyone, my name is Anonat Jeremy P. And today, I will discuss my part of the topic, the WTO or World Trade Organization and NAFTA or NAFTA. Now, let's proceed to the first part. The WTO. WTO or World Trade Organization. It is made up of 162 countries around the world and was created with the goal of increasing free trade. Therefore, they can buy and sell goods from one another. without placing taxes on imports or tariffs. In addition, tariffs are used to protect businesses and companies inside their country. Though good in nature, WTO is not without criticism. In fact, a protest in Seattle at a 1999 WTO conference led to a major not-as-some state that WTO was more about helping large companies and corporations that is what What about helping people? So, this WTO is the organization of the organization of the people who are involved in the development of the economy in the country. This is an international and multilateral organization that is developing the development of the economy for the global trading system. So, its purpose is to promote products and services. W WTO Creation WTO commenced on January 1, 1995, but its trading system is half a century older. Since 1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT had provided the rules for its system. The second WTO ministerial meeting held in Geneva in May 1998. So, this WTO started in 1995 or or for men. on January 1, 1995. So, the first name of the WTO is General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or more known as GATT. And that's where the rules and regulations started. So, the WTO has a lot of concerns because it covers all trade facilitations. So, like what I said earlier, the WTO or World Trade Organization and it started with the name of God. or General Agreement on Tariffs of Trade. So, napakahabang process, napakahabang proseso hanggang sa nagkaroon ng ugnayan ng mga bansa para nga dito sa tinatawag na WTO. Nagkaroon ng kasunduan para mapalitan ang pangalan. So now, let's proceed to the main objective of WTO. Based on the tremble of the WTO agreement, The parties recognize the objectives through the multilateral agreement. lateral trading system namely to raise living standards ito yung para mas gumanda ang buhay ng mga tao to ensure full employment ito yung parang masustain nga yung dapat niya magandang employment at yun yung inaayos hindi yung sa direct sa kanila sa mga tao kundi doon sa concern ng mga tao kung saan sila nagubuhay kung saan sila namamasukan to ensure a large and steady growing volume of real- income and effective demand. Ito yung kagandahan ng pagkukunan ng income or pangkabuhayan ng mga tao. To expand the production of trade in goods and services by allowing product and values of the world's resources in accordance with the objectives of sustainable development. So yung production is hindi lang siya sa isang lugar kundi dapat ay may dala siya sa iba't ibang lugar or makipag-trade. Not only in that specific area but also in other places. place to expand this. To make a positive effort to ensure that developing countries, especially the less developed among them, secure a share in a growth in international trade commensurate with their economic development. So, this is where people who want to be developed countries are paying attention. They need to be included and can change through the rules of the WP. Now let's proceed to the another famous economic organization is NAFTA. NAFTA or stands for North American Free Trade Agreement. This is an economic treaty between the United States, Canada and Mexico in which the three countries trade freely without taxing each other. And AFTA is not without critics either. Some American autoworkers There's protests against NAFTA as several car companies move or should I say move their factories to Mexico in search for cheaper labor. NAFTA like WTO represents the challenge in... America Keeping Manufacturing Factors So this is a agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico where these three countries are allowed to negotiate without compromising each other. So, like what I said earlier, NAFTA like WTO represents the challenge in America of keeping manufacturing factories. And that is all about my topic. Thank you for watching! A pleasant morning to all viewers out there. I am Cheryling Karig and today I will be tackling the difference between globalization and globalism. So let's get started. First, what is globalism? globalization the globalization this is the trades or the connections to other countries if we look the global trade today it has reached a greater number of people around the world. Like for example, the selling products are not solely done through physical transaction but can be done online as well. This allows one who has access the computer and the world wide web to be connected with millions of people around the world. Aside from the number of people, this feed was also affected by the transition from Team Globalization to Take the Globalization. In the past, if you are a European trader, taking the Silk Road, going to China, it will take you days or weeks to sell your. products but today it was only few seconds or minutes to sell buy and exchange products and services with other people even they are far away or thousand miles away from you. So a concrete example of this is its change in the price of all which can happen overnight depending on its price in the world market. although globalism and globalization are often understood in terms of the economy. I know that all of us are familiar with globalization since maraming beses na itong nabanggit habang nag-aaral tayo. Ang globalization ay ang relationship or connection For you to understand better, I will give you an example. Like for example, when you go out of your house, you go to the city, you will see the Korean market. The products they sell there are from Korea. The products they sell there are from Korea. Yunnyong! Part of globalization. We consider it as globalization because it came from other countries, not from the Philippines. So, and I have another example, the work of Filipinos in other countries is also part of globalization. And the online ordering because of the pandemic. We can't go out too much, we can't go shopping, we can't go to the mall. We can't order online. Then, globalization will be built there because sometimes products that we buy come from other countries. Because globalization is the exchange of services or products of different countries. Next is the Globalism. The Globalism refers to the network of connections that the transit distance of different countries in the world. In other words, the links among countries and peoples are better associated with Globalism while the span in which they become linked with one is Globalization. which means it's an idea or plans. They enable people in one country to import products and services to another country without facing any conflict. While globalism is an ideology or idea that there is a free exchange of products and services globally without facing conflict, I mean, it is a trade that is in accordance with a fair trade. The difference between globalization and globalism. The main difference between globalization and globalism is that the globalism is an ideology, the beliefs of people, information, and good to everyone. able to cross national borders unrestricted while globalization is the spread of technology, products, information, and jobs across nations. For the conclusion, globalism is the ideology or idea or plans that able people in one country to import products and services to another country without facing any consequences. While globalization is a connection or relationship and the exchange of products and services globally. The difference between these two is that globalism is just an idea or ideology. While globalization, this is the process of the exchanging materials globally. Therefore, globalism is the ideological component of globalization. Thank you. Good day everybody. I hope you are experiencing a day like that. manifest itself in the added importance in the knowledge, information, and communication of the Christ word, for the human labor is increasingly enabled in the production of immaterial goods. So, Which rivers would avoid the arrangement of the network to shrine? Networks that determine the structure of the shrine have not updated the organization. and is subject to, in real time, a serious globalization. So, in short, the information that we send through is a form of information of modern civilization that is now in the process of being developed and is now being developed in the form of knowledge. The very same strength to the notion of networks. For Custance 2000, networks constitute the fundamental pattern of life of all kinds of life. So in the words of the book, it means that networks and connections find their different distances and join their forms together in a multi-dimensional economy. social law, cultural law, and information law. So in short, we are all part of the multi-multi-influenced and nationally relevant to the colonial, pan-liberal, cultural, and cultural world. It was previously mentioned that in the present and even in the past, the world is connected. The difference between globalism and globalization I'm going to search. Globalization is the speed and thickness or intensity of connection. People are connected with one another whether as a small community or as a large county. So this technological paradigm associated with computer science can never be replaced. and telecommunication that replaced industrialism. It had been called as internationalism according to Bastel 2001. So these are technologies the media This is not to say that we do need to produce material needs such as factories, clothes, and food, rather exchange information knowledge which is clearly a material needs becomes central in contemporary world. So they mean, um, technology. Science or knowledge, practical use to solve problems, and then use for books. You already know about technology, except for the technologies, cell phones, gadgets. So the meaning of Minta is to burst the virus means of communication. Example of Minta is the Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. So with internet connection people can share information and communicate from anywhere. So, you know, we internet connection with the gun share information and coming to report. from anywhere or wherever you need to have a good brand so next this place is due to the three of the most common age aspect of the social world and general globalization and technology, media and director in 1956 the creation of the world's first container ship. and the expansion of air-flying frequently has led to the transfer of goods all around the world. In 1970, but an example of the political advancement is the founding of Federal Express. So it means, in 1956, the first container ship in the world was built and the expansion Aircraft, it is the only one that can place a transport of the enemy in the world. But in 1970, they noticed the example of the use of technology. This is the development of the Federal Express. It makes use of cognitive technology. computer technology is used to check our health through the invention of magnetic resonance imaging or MRIs, ultrasound, CT or CAT scan. Space-based technologies were also made possible through the use of computers. So the launching of Saudi lights. For many times, so do nots, the use of global warning by Global Composition System or GPS and the operation of Global Navigation System or GMS are some remarkable examples. So, it means, so, according to Federal Express, and then the computer starts to use it. and the computer technology is used to control our oxygen through ultrasound, scan, etc. So next is, my new mountain, Poirier Bay, 2005. I'm so excited. I argue that in the new English, the importance lies in the way in which the message is transmitted, not necessarily in the form that is... presented through the media. This means that television, readers, and newspapers have been shaping individual subjectivity and culture, not only locally but globally. So it means, So that's what I mean by, Simak Loma had a very good time. The reason why television is so popular is because it shows the individual's sensitivity and culture. Not only in the land but also in the whole world. The nature of the people is in the TV. So in addition, the French social theorist, Delvaux, in the year 1994, emphasized in his idea of media a spectaculous sophistication and a lack of knowledge. This week, TV news, a form of entertainment, all the content matters in television, broadcasts this one spot. The internet is one of the most important element and perhaps supreme primary key to catch the attention of the audience. The internet is one of the most important element according to research 2015. The internet has prompted a platform which is innovative and inborn and is theoretical. While globalization allows expansion of information, assist to modern technologies is not a universal market that is available to every person around the world. the internet and other technology. are limited by certain barriers. These barriers include lack of electricity, literacy, with financial system and government regulation. It means, the internet is the symbol of a contemporary world. So according to Erich, in 2015, the internet is the platform for Jesus. China can be involved in this, even if it is only in Europe. So while the government is allowing the spread of information, the use of modern technologies is not a universal thing that everyone in the world is using. So that is my report. So you can understand it. Thank you.

I am Lady Heart Ismeli and I am from Bachelor of Elementary Education 1. Today, we are the last group to discuss the Chapter 4 of our lesson entitled The Global Interstate System. With the end of this chapter, we will be able to conclude our session. In this chapter, we will be able to know the global governance in the 21st century, effects of globalization the governments, the relevance of states and globalization, institutions that govern international relations, globalization and globalism, informationalism and global citizenship.

So first, let us know what is global interstate system. Global Interstate System It is the whole system of human interactions. The modern world system is structured politically as an interstate system, a system of competing and allying states. Political scientists commonly call this the international system and is the focal point of the field of international relations.

Alright, so this explains the efforts of different countries and governments all over the world. To have a cooperation and collaboration. Example nito ay yung IMF natin o yung International Monetary Fund and the World Bank as well o yung WB.

So from the word itself, interstate. When we say interstate, it is the relation of each state. When we say inter kasi, it has something to do with the relationship with each other. Kapag sinabi naman nating global, it's a relationship.

relationship of countries globally around the world. Kapag sinabi naman nating system, meron tayong sinusunod na sistema, step-by-step process. Ano yung proseso na yun? Of course, to attain a certain economic, political, environmental, and social goals. Kaya ang Philippines, meron din tayong sinusunod na batas.

Mga alituntunin when it comes to its international engagement with other countries. For example, For example, pagdating sa international trading ng Philippines sa ibang countries, merong batas na sinusunod. Pagdating sa international market, meron ding sinusunod na batas.

So in short, meron tayong policies na dapat sundin. And without further ado, let's start with our first topic, the global governance in the 21st century together with Ms. Shira Dumagat. Global governance In the 21st century, I am Dumage Chayra Igaran and I am the reporter of this topic. What is global governance in the contemporary world? Why is it important?

Because of global public goods, particularly field and security, justice and mediation systems for conflict, and the last one is functioning markets and unified institutions. standards for trade in industry. There is a series of specific factors behind the emergence of global governance. The first on the list must be the declining power of nation-states. If states themselves were highly contingent and in flux, it would open the possibility of the emergence of some form of global governance to fill the void.

So the lightening of the education of the government is Resulta ng ilang mga natatangin kadahilanan. Ang unang item daw po sa listahan ay dapat na pagbaba ng kapangyarihan sa If the states are highly contingent and in flux, the doors are open for the administration of the state to fulfill the visa. A second factor in the vast flows of all sorts of things that run into the often right through the borders of nation-states, this could involve the flow of digital information of all sorts through the internet it is difficult if not impossible for a nation-state to stop such flow and any case it is likely that such action would be politically unpopular and bring much negative reaction to the nation-state involved in such an effort for example china's periodic effort to the interfer with the internet have growth great condemnation both internally and externally.

So the wide range of various things, this is the most common in the countries of the state. This is the second reason. It may need the delivery of various types of digital information through the internet.

The end of such a wave is difficult, if not impossible, for a country-state and for any case. The natural action is likely not popular in politics and will result in many negative reactions from the country-state that are involved in natural efforts. For example, the repeated attacks by China that disturbed the internet has resulted in a large condemnation. sa kapwa sa loob at labas ng bansa then there is a mass migration of people in their entry often illegally into various nation-states if states are unable to control this then there is a need for some sort of global governance to help deal with the problem the flow of chemical elements as well as their products drugs laundered money, those both in salt and sex trafficking, etc. is a strong factor in the call for global governance.

So, yung pagdaloy daw po ng mga droga or yung mga drug gang at kanilang mga produkto which is droga sa iba't ibang bansa, ito daw po yung unang pinagmumula ng tensyon sa pagitan ng mga bansa at kanilang mga tao. Kung hindi daw po ito makontrol, kinakailangan The few years of the government's leadership, some countries need to help to get rid of this case in different states. I can say that this is really a miracle and it will not disappear in different countries in the world. In these cases, in others, there is a need for some degree of order, some sort of effective authority, and at least some potential for the improvement of human life. These are but a few of the things that can be delivered by some form of global governance.

So, sa mga ito po, sa iba't iba pang mga kaso, may mga pangangailangan para sa ilang antas ng kaayusan. Isang uri ng magandang otoridad at hindi bababa. sa ilang potensyal para sa pagbubuti ng buhay or pagpapabuti ng buhay ng isang tao.

Ilan lamang ito sa mga bilipisyong maibibigay ng ilang anyo ng pandaigdigang pamamahala. Another set of issues that has lead to calls for global governance involves horrendous events within nation-states that the states themselves either foment and carry out or are unable to control. for example in therefore sudan perhaps hundreds of thousands had been killed millions of people displaced in the lives of many destructed in a conflict that dates back to early the government of sudan and its military had been implicated in the conflict between ethnic and tribal groups and in that sudanese government had been resistant to outside interference and its internal affairs one could even go back to and argue that the holocaust could had been prevented or at least mitigated had there been a viable form of global governance to put pressure on nazi germany in ultimately to intervene in a more material way perhaps military so then there are global problems that single nation-state cannot hope to tackle on their own one is the global financial crisis and panic that swept the world which nations are often unable to deal with on their own.

So, may mga pandigdigang problema po na hindi kayang harapin ng isang bansa na mag-isa. So, ang isa ay maaaring bumalik sa WWII at mag-away na ang Holocaust ay maaaring mapigilan. Kung mayroong isang mabubuhay na anyo ng pandigdigang pamamahala, ang gobyerno ng sudan daw po ay dumalaban sa paghihimasok ng sa loob at panlabas na gawain ito strange nineteen ninety six and that some nations example the nations of southeast asia had often been and are being victimized by such crises unable to help themselves such nations are in need of assistance from some type of global governance nation-states have long struggled to deal with progress like these through various interstate systems e g alliances such as natu but the more recent trend is toward the development of more truly global structures and methods of dealing with various sorts of issues and problems so may mga bansang estado po na matagal nang nagpupumulit na harapin problems like this through different interstate systems, for example, the NATO alliance, but one of the trends is towards the creation of more true and strong structures and a way of facing various issues and problems that can be found in global governance and in our country.

That's all I have to report. Again, I am Dumaga Sherry Icaran from VKEd 1A. Each state has its own right to self-determination and that other countries should not intervene in the affairs of a state unless there are extraordinary reasons to do so. Other countries must recognize sovereignty or the right to govern one's own territorial borders. Each state is autonomous unto itself and responsible within its own system of government to those who are governed.

The decisions, the conflict, and the resolution of the conflict are done to the institution of government established and codified in that particular state whether or not through elections. So, sa government natin, meron tayong tinatawag na constitution. A constitution provides the basis for governance in a country, which is essential for making sure that everyone's interests and needs are addressed.

It determines how laws are made and details the process by which the government rules, which is it is divided into three the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Elections, especially in democratic society, provide the leadership of a state. In addition, the policy is developed and implemented in the interest of the people or a state by a specific government. A civil society within a state can also act as counterweight or as a supplement to government. government.

Civil society includes private economy, educational institutions, churches, hospitals, fraternal organizations, and other non-profit organizations. There have been several challenges to government and ultimately to state autonomy. We can divide these challenges into four.

The traditional challenges, challenges of national or identity movements, global economics, and last is the global social movement. Traditional challenges. External intervention can generally be described as invasion by other countries. For example, when Saddam Hussein was the ruler of Iraq in 1990, he decided he was going to take over the oil fields of Kuwait. He invaded Kuwait and took it over.

As a result, he was dislogged by an international coalition led by the United States. These days, as we can see, external intervention in other forms. Russia's external intervention into the affair of Ukraine as foreign state in the post-Soviet era is another instance of intervention in the autonomy of a state.

Russia intervenes the affair of people in Crimea who want to become part of Russia again, even though they are part of Ukraine. Crimea declared its independence from Ukraine and reaffiliated with Russia. Internal political challenges can also happen. For example, after the Arab Spring in Egypt, a new constitution was created and a government was elected. That government was more fundamentalist and rejected the notion of plural society that includes religious diversity.

The military staged a coup that deposed the government in order to restore stability. Other examples included Taliban's effort to control the government of Afghanistan. In Syria, the original rebellion against Assad came from countries' own internal dissenters who wanted to replace the government even though they were also Syrian national. The next challenges are part of a national identity or movement.

It is important to know that a nation has cultural identity that people attach to, while a state is a definite entity due to specific boundaries. However, different people with different identities can live in different states. For example, the Kurds reside in several different countries including Iraq, Iran and Turkey.

The Catalans live primarily in Spain but we can also find some of them in France. Scottish nationalism is another example that challenged the traditional notion of state sovereignty. In 2014, Great Britain had a vote to Scotland to decide whether Scotland was going to become its own autonomous state, apart from Great Britain.

They voted against it but Scotland has a significant degree of autonomy now as compared to more than two decades years ago. Global movements such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS are another example of national or identity movements. In this case, they are structured around the fundamentalist version of Islam.

There are further challenges that we will look at these lessons and yet another reporter will discuss them in the following videos. Thank you for taking time to listen and watch my presentation. Again, I am Nicole P. de los Reyes from BED 1-A.

Good day everyone, my name is Johnru P. Pascacho from BED 1-A and today I will discuss the topic from the contemporary world, the global interstate system, global economics. The Global Economics The third major source of challenge comes from the global economics. Global economy demands the states to conform the rules of the free market capitalism.

Government austerity comes from the development of organizations that cooperate across countries, such as WTO and regional agreements, such as NAFTA, the European Union, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The economy of the world is the economy of all people, which is about the economic system, which is the equivalent of all economic activities that are done within and within the country, including production, consumption, control of the economy, Trabaho sa pangkahalatan, pagpipilian ng mga halaga sa pananalapi at kalakala ng mga kalakal at silisyo. Yun ang ibig sabihin ng global economics. Neoliberal economics or neoliberal capitalism started in the 1980s.

It focuses on free trade and dismantling trade barriers. It made sure that governments did not impose restrictive regulations on corporate presence, as well as on the free flow of capital and jobs. Free trade was seen as the ideal or the normative belief, that is, the best economy is one where there is free trade everywhere.

Laws and standards that would interfere with the flow of capital in a particular country, including environmental regulations, were deemed to discourage economic growth. Neoliberal economics requires a state to cooperate in the global market through the free flow of capital, the privatization of services, and fiscal austerity or constraint. In turn, the government's role is diminished as it relates to the market.

Neoliberal economics is seen as a threat in general because a state cannot protect its own economic interest as a sovereign state. A specific example to expand global economic influence is the use of IMF and the World Bank enforcing government reforms in poorer countries. Furthermore, the regional economic development efforts focus on expanding free trade and market liberalization.

Businesses from developed countries put their factories and pay people to build factories and produce goods in developing countries worldwide. This corporation will sell the product in developing countries. This exacerbates rising inequality in the world.

Grease is one example that explains how neoliberal economics can't retain the sovereignty of a state. It began in 1981 when Greece joined the EU. As a larger alliance, the EU broke down all kinds of barriers among its member states, including Greece, like passports, visas, and license plates. It allowed people to travel across European borders and encouraged economic cooperation and collaboration of member states. Twenty years later.

Greece adopted the Euro as its own currency and got rid of Drachma. The governments of Greece borrowed money for infrastructure improvements, largely linked to their hosting of the 2004 Olympics. This puts Greece in a large debt in 2007 and 2008. The worldwide financial crisis made Greece's economy to collapse. Aside from high debt that burned the government, Greece had several of its employees struggling with pensions.

Tax revenues were lower and as a result, they could not pay their debts back in 2009. Their credits rating dropped which made it harder for them to pay back their debt. This led to a series of austerity package increase which meant that there was less government Spending. IMF bailed them out from the crisis in exchange for more austerity.

In conclusion, economic crisis can force government to subscribe to their terms and conditions of the global financial market. And other nations, they can help them regain economic stability. A pleasant afternoon to all viewers out there. I know that some of you already know me. But to those who are not, I am Mikaela Miklat, 20 years old, and I will be presenting the relevance of the state amid globalization.

So what comes to our mind when we hear about globalization? Is this globalization or this? How about this? Hmm.

Yes, you are right. All of these are globalization. But what is the definition of globalization?

So that is the definition of globalization. Sa madaling salita, ang globalization ay ang pag-trade ng mga resources, services globally. Ito yung pagpapalitan ng mga produkto sa magkakaiba.

but ibang bansa. So for me, for seamless, smooth and integrated production, countries must liberalize their visa rules and procedure. para madaling makapasok yung mga tao and mga resources sa mga iba't ibang bansa.

Kasi ang malayang production is paraming benefits. Una na dyan is nabibigyan ng trabaho yung mga tao. Pangalawa, natutulungan yan yung mga undeveloped countries na mag-develop.

So if we notice, there are many people who are entering. products from other countries here in the Philippines. There are iPhone products, there are markets made by other countries like Korean market.

Here in Inhoble, Zambales, there is Korean market. So there are many products that are traded here in the Philippines. So, ang tanong ko, What is the relevance of state amid globalization?

So, what is the importance of state amid globalization? That is what we will learn. So, if you want to know, sit back and relax and click the continue button so you can learn.

So, there are many people who are confused about the term state and nation. Madalas, sa pagbabalik na nila ito, So, we need to discuss it so that we can avoid confusion later. So, let's start with the state. Let's look at its definition.

So, as stated in the definition, the state is very unique because they have their own territory or territory that they govern. They have their own territory. They also have their own practices and rules and people that they govern.

So, how can we say that the state is one place? It should have four elements of being a state. What are they? Let's find out. So, nabanggit dyan na merong four elements ang state.

Una na dyan ay ang people, territory, government, and sovereignty. So, unahin natin ang people. So, bakit nga ba kailangan ng tauhan ng isang state? Siyempre, upang merong mamuno at merong taong pamamahalaan ng to rule.

The people here must be permanent. They must be permanent. No man's people are needed here who are like a transfer of location.

If you are just here in this location, in this state, you are just there. And of course, if there are people, there is territory. It's like your house.

You will not be alone. You will not be alone. if you don't have a home and you won't have a home if you don't have a home so you need to have a territory with mountains, land sea and anything else next is the government the government needs to be the state of a location because the government is the one who handles the peace in a territory Siya yung gumagawa ng rules.

Parang bahay niyo lang din yan. Diba? Yung government yun yung parents mo.

Sila yung gumagawa ng rules and ikaw yung nag-obey ng rules. So, kailangan ng government. And lastly is the sovereignty.

So, kailangan. Ang isang state ay merong kalayaan. Meron siyang kalayaan.

Hindi siya kayang kontrolin ng ibang bansa. Dapat malaya din yung mga tao dito. take note in guys that one location will not be in state if it does not have 4 elements so it needs to have 4 elements even if one is not here, it will not be considered as So, kailangan apat. So, meron siyang people, territory, government, and lastly, sovereignty. Pinak importante.

So, susunod naman is yung nation. So, let's define nation. So that is the definition of nation.

So the name of the word nation is a population that shared commonalities such as tradition, culture, religion, and history. So, it is important to know the difference between state and nation. So, for you to understand better, let's use Philippines as an example.

So, if you refer Philippines as a state, you refer to Philippines as a state. mo dito is yung government, sovereignty, and territory nito. So, yung apat na principle na tinurukuan yung na is meron yun ang Philippines. So, meron siyang people, territory, government, and sovereignty na pa-internal man or external.

So, while kapag pinag-usapan natin na as a nation ang Philippines, tinutukoy natin dito yung mga commonalities natin, such as identity, history and so on so important to tell them a different shape more or a limo quantum pinaka even states nation anyways meron tyone tina taba na national self-determination so a la minna think one indy condition yeah So that is the definition of national self-determination. So it is a principle that allows people to create their own identity. Whether they consider themselves as a state, nation, it is their choice.

And usually this group of people are those groups that have similar political ambitions. Where they create their independent government or state. and for your information this principle was introduced during world war one by u.s president woodrow woodrow wilson so he is the one who promoted this principle in short national self-determination is about allowing people to create their own destiny so these people are those who have similar culture religion and so on so madalas kaya gusto nilang mag unite is now. First, they are not satisfied with the government so they want to create their own government. And the second is to protect their culture.

They are uniting like that. So, take note that national self-determination is not that easy to achieve. There could be wars, terrorism, revolution, successor, state. and popular voting.

So, there are many processes to achieve national self-determination. Like here in the Philippines, for example, Bangsamoro. I know that some of you are familiar with Bangsamoro, but to those who are not, Bangsamoro is an autonomous region within the Philippines.

So, this is the region that is free. So before they achieved this, they struggled first. So this concept or this national soul determination brings us to nation-state. So what is nation-state?

Let's see the definition. So that is the definition of nation-state. So basically, nation-state is a system of organization wherein ang mga tao dito is may commonalities. And syempre, nakalocate sila inside this.

Obviously, that's why they are called nation-state. Also, nation-state inside the country has firm borders and single government. In short, nation-state are homogeneous people that govern by its own sovereign state. So, there are various arguments about this topic which is globalization and one of them is the efficiency of the nation-state in the midst of globalization. So, let's see.

kung ano ba yung mga argument na ito. So, you see, Gelp in 2001 said, the nation-state is the major player when it comes to globalization. I mean, sa gitna ng globalisasyon, ang nation-state state is the first to suffer, they will be the first to get rid of these problems. That is why it is easy for them to adjust if there are changes in the middle of globalization.

Meanwhile, Conley 2002 believed that the nation state has at least some power amid globalization. I mean, sa badaling salita, agree din siya that at some point, nation-state does have part when it comes to globalization while man 2007 said that nation-state is kind of different because they have this kind of effective strategy in the piece of globalization there are rumors also that says that the permanent inexistent of nation-state is greatly greatly exaggerated. I mean, they have the biggest impact in the middle of globalization. So, if their existence doesn't show anymore, it might have a negative impact on our economy. However, Daniel Belland, 2008, argues, so let's see his point of view.

So, according to Daniel, the role of the state is injuring and even increasing in advanced industrial society. I mean, their role or role in the economy is to... They have a big impact in the middle of globalization.

Imagine they have two of advanced industrial societies and that advanced industrial societies show how efficient they are in the field of globalization. And commonly, we consider insecurity as a bad thing. But surprisingly, then you'll see that the four major sources of insecurity are the reason why state have greater demands so what are those insecurities?

let's see so the common source of insecurities is terrorism and economic globalization these two are the source of insecurity because it brings problems such as outsourcing, diseasing, the spread of diseases and so on but state uses this insecurity to response to the threats. I mean, what they are doing is not just solving the problems, instead, they are making it more complicated or they are making it look exaggerated. So that the citizens are more insecure, which later helped them. So, I will give you an example so you can understand it better.

So I'll make this story short kung paano naging solution ng insecurity. If you are familiar with 2003 war between US, UK, and Iraq na kung saan ang UK and US is nagkaroon ng argument about sa pag-elusive sa Iraq. Some says that US want the oil of Iraq as we all know that Iraq has don't have oil. But according to George Bush, Saddam Hussein, the president of Iraq is the one who supported 9-11. he is the one who gave weapon to them he added also that saddam has weapon not simple weapon but a weapon of mass destruction that can destroy both uk and us he even claimed that iraq is a threat to them his collective insecurity and other outrageous claim leads to citizen insecurity yung citizen insecurity yun yung naging daan para maging favor ang mga tao na The civil Iraq a lot of people die in Iraq and they even sent them who sent to that by hanging or public day In the end, well, I will happen.

See long evidence and a Papa to nana They don't that I don't like one system said it to you since I become they make the problem looks exaggerated to respond to their problem The bank in a car up in the problema is terrorism So Peter the money long exaggerated on They released claims that not even true to make their situation worse. So, it helped because they did a lot of work in Iraq because of public support. However, the other side of the argument by Gilpen 2001 said that the global process of various kind are not as powerful as many believe.

like for example global business fails in comparison to business within many countries. Conley also said that it would be a mistake simply to see globalization as a threat to a constraint on the nation-state. I mean he believed that globalization is not a threat actually it could be an opportunity for the nation-state so I will give you an example so that it can work.

Good morning everyone, I am Lishan Kamat and my report is about Non-Governmental Organization or NTUs. Another example of an international organization that was developed out of war is the Red Cross or Red Cross and Muslim Countries. It is considered as a non-governmental organization.

NGOs are not tied to any country. This allows them to operate freely throughout the world. They provide emergency reliefs such as food, water, and medical supplies for those whose homes or towns have been destroyed by disaster in or war. They also monitor the treatment of prisoners of war and go to conflicts to make sure that no war crimes are taken care. Red Cross Topa is an example of an international organization that is being built or created from the war.

This is a non-governmental organization or NG. The NGUs are not tied to any country or nation. It's like they don't have a control over their own country. They don't have a ruler over their own country. That's why they are called NGUs.

This is a sign of their freedom to rule the world. Because they don't have a ruler over their own country, they can rule the world. for emergency assistance such as food, water, and medical supplies for those who were damaged by the violence.

They also monitor the treatment of those who were involved in the violence and go to the hospitals to make sure that no criminals are involved in the violence. In fact, the Red Cross began as an organization to help those who wear wooden flooring wires. The Big Red Cross worn by NGOs is the identification that they are not soldiers, part of why it is important for the Red Cross.

red cross to be an ngos is that why they remain neutral and would help the wooden from both side of war since they are neutral governments are more likely to let them come in their countries to help while the headquarters of the International Red Cross is in Geneva, Switzerland. They have branches all around the world. In addition to the Red Cross, they are many NGOs dedicated to helping people around the world. Doctors Without Borders provides free emergency health care in disaster areas. Oxfam fights famine and disease and Save the Children helps kids get health care and education.

Red Cross started as an organization to help the victims of the cross to become an NGO is their commitment to stay neutral and help those who were hurt from the other side of the road. So, means boys, they don't have any opinions and the two panikmis are helping or doing their job. Because they are neutral, they allow the governments to go to their countries to help.

While the full approval of the International Red Cross is in Geneva, Switzerland, they have allies all over the world. So, it means, boys, even if you don't have the... Their entire job is to move and rotate the things that they can help the Blacks. As an additional to Red Cross, many NGOs have contributed to helping people in need. Doctors Without Borders will provide free emergency care for people in need.

Oxfam fights hunger and sickness. Save the Children helps children get health and education. Good day everyone, my name is Anonat Jeremy P. And today, I will discuss my part of the topic, the WTO or World Trade Organization and NAFTA or NAFTA. Now, let's proceed to the first part.

The WTO. WTO or World Trade Organization. It is made up of 162 countries around the world and was created with the goal of increasing free trade. Therefore, they can buy and sell goods from one another.

without placing taxes on imports or tariffs. In addition, tariffs are used to protect businesses and companies inside their country. Though good in nature, WTO is not without criticism. In fact, a protest in Seattle at a 1999 WTO conference led to a major not-as-some state that WTO was more about helping large companies and corporations that is what What about helping people? So, this WTO is the organization of the organization of the people who are involved in the development of the economy in the country.

This is an international and multilateral organization that is developing the development of the economy for the global trading system. So, its purpose is to promote products and services. W WTO Creation WTO commenced on January 1, 1995, but its trading system is half a century older.

Since 1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT had provided the rules for its system. The second WTO ministerial meeting held in Geneva in May 1998. So, this WTO started in 1995 or or for men. on January 1, 1995. So, the first name of the WTO is General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or more known as GATT. And that's where the rules and regulations started.

So, the WTO has a lot of concerns because it covers all trade facilitations. So, like what I said earlier, the WTO or World Trade Organization and it started with the name of God. or General Agreement on Tariffs of Trade. So, napakahabang process, napakahabang proseso hanggang sa nagkaroon ng ugnayan ng mga bansa para nga dito sa tinatawag na WTO. Nagkaroon ng kasunduan para mapalitan ang pangalan.

So now, let's proceed to the main objective of WTO. Based on the tremble of the WTO agreement, The parties recognize the objectives through the multilateral agreement. lateral trading system namely to raise living standards ito yung para mas gumanda ang buhay ng mga tao to ensure full employment ito yung parang masustain nga yung dapat niya magandang employment at yun yung inaayos hindi yung sa direct sa kanila sa mga tao kundi doon sa concern ng mga tao kung saan sila nagubuhay kung saan sila namamasukan to ensure a large and steady growing volume of real- income and effective demand.

Ito yung kagandahan ng pagkukunan ng income or pangkabuhayan ng mga tao. To expand the production of trade in goods and services by allowing product and values of the world's resources in accordance with the objectives of sustainable development. So yung production is hindi lang siya sa isang lugar kundi dapat ay may dala siya sa iba't ibang lugar or makipag-trade. Not only in that specific area but also in other places.

place to expand this. To make a positive effort to ensure that developing countries, especially the less developed among them, secure a share in a growth in international trade commensurate with their economic development. So, this is where people who want to be developed countries are paying attention. They need to be included and can change through the rules of the WP. Now let's proceed to the another famous economic organization is NAFTA.

NAFTA or stands for North American Free Trade Agreement. This is an economic treaty between the United States, Canada and Mexico in which the three countries trade freely without taxing each other. And AFTA is not without critics either. Some American autoworkers There's protests against NAFTA as several car companies move or should I say move their factories to Mexico in search for cheaper labor.

NAFTA like WTO represents the challenge in... America Keeping Manufacturing Factors So this is a agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico where these three countries are allowed to negotiate without compromising each other. So, like what I said earlier, NAFTA like WTO represents the challenge in America of keeping manufacturing factories. And that is all about my topic.

Thank you for watching! A pleasant morning to all viewers out there. I am Cheryling Karig and today I will be tackling the difference between globalization and globalism. So let's get started.

First, what is globalism? globalization the globalization this is the trades or the connections to other countries if we look the global trade today it has reached a greater number of people around the world. Like for example, the selling products are not solely done through physical transaction but can be done online as well. This allows one who has access the computer and the world wide web to be connected with millions of people around the world. Aside from the number of people, this feed was also affected by the transition from Team Globalization to Take the Globalization.

In the past, if you are a European trader, taking the Silk Road, going to China, it will take you days or weeks to sell your. products but today it was only few seconds or minutes to sell buy and exchange products and services with other people even they are far away or thousand miles away from you. So a concrete example of this is its change in the price of all which can happen overnight depending on its price in the world market.

although globalism and globalization are often understood in terms of the economy. I know that all of us are familiar with globalization since maraming beses na itong nabanggit habang nag-aaral tayo. Ang globalization ay ang relationship or connection For you to understand better, I will give you an example. Like for example, when you go out of your house, you go to the city, you will see the Korean market.

The products they sell there are from Korea. The products they sell there are from Korea. Yunnyong! Part of globalization.

We consider it as globalization because it came from other countries, not from the Philippines. So, and I have another example, the work of Filipinos in other countries is also part of globalization. And the online ordering because of the pandemic. We can't go out too much, we can't go shopping, we can't go to the mall.

We can't order online. Then, globalization will be built there because sometimes products that we buy come from other countries. Because globalization is the exchange of services or products of different countries.

Next is the Globalism. The Globalism refers to the network of connections that the transit distance of different countries in the world. In other words, the links among countries and peoples are better associated with Globalism while the span in which they become linked with one is Globalization.

which means it's an idea or plans. They enable people in one country to import products and services to another country without facing any conflict. While globalism is an ideology or idea that there is a free exchange of products and services globally without facing conflict, I mean, it is a trade that is in accordance with a fair trade.

The difference between globalization and globalism. The main difference between globalization and globalism is that the globalism is an ideology, the beliefs of people, information, and good to everyone. able to cross national borders unrestricted while globalization is the spread of technology, products, information, and jobs across nations.

For the conclusion, globalism is the ideology or idea or plans that able people in one country to import products and services to another country without facing any consequences. While globalization is a connection or relationship and the exchange of products and services globally. The difference between these two is that globalism is just an idea or ideology.

While globalization, this is the process of the exchanging materials globally. Therefore, globalism is the ideological component of globalization. Thank you.

Good day everybody. I hope you are experiencing a day like that. manifest itself in the added importance in the knowledge, information, and communication of the Christ word, for the human labor is increasingly enabled in the production of immaterial goods.

So, Which rivers would avoid the arrangement of the network to shrine? Networks that determine the structure of the shrine have not updated the organization. and is subject to, in real time, a serious globalization. So, in short, the information that we send through is a form of information of modern civilization that is now in the process of being developed and is now being developed in the form of knowledge.

The very same strength to the notion of networks. For Custance 2000, networks constitute the fundamental pattern of life of all kinds of life. So in the words of the book, it means that networks and connections find their different distances and join their forms together in a multi-dimensional economy.

social law, cultural law, and information law. So in short, we are all part of the multi-multi-influenced and nationally relevant to the colonial, pan-liberal, cultural, and cultural world. It was previously mentioned that in the present and even in the past, the world is connected. The difference between globalism and globalization I'm going to search.

Globalization is the speed and thickness or intensity of connection. People are connected with one another whether as a small community or as a large county. So this technological paradigm associated with computer science can never be replaced. and telecommunication that replaced industrialism. It had been called as internationalism according to Bastel 2001. So these are technologies the media This is not to say that we do need to produce material needs such as factories, clothes, and food, rather exchange information knowledge which is clearly a material needs becomes central in contemporary world.

So they mean, um, technology. Science or knowledge, practical use to solve problems, and then use for books. You already know about technology, except for the technologies, cell phones, gadgets.

So the meaning of Minta is to burst the virus means of communication. Example of Minta is the Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. So with internet connection people can share information and communicate from anywhere.

So, you know, we internet connection with the gun share information and coming to report. from anywhere or wherever you need to have a good brand so next this place is due to the three of the most common age aspect of the social world and general globalization and technology, media and director in 1956 the creation of the world's first container ship. and the expansion of air-flying frequently has led to the transfer of goods all around the world. In 1970, but an example of the political advancement is the founding of Federal Express. So it means, in 1956, the first container ship in the world was built and the expansion Aircraft, it is the only one that can place a transport of the enemy in the world.

But in 1970, they noticed the example of the use of technology. This is the development of the Federal Express. It makes use of cognitive technology.

computer technology is used to check our health through the invention of magnetic resonance imaging or MRIs, ultrasound, CT or CAT scan. Space-based technologies were also made possible through the use of computers. So the launching of Saudi lights. For many times, so do nots, the use of global warning by Global Composition System or GPS and the operation of Global Navigation System or GMS are some remarkable examples. So, it means, so, according to Federal Express, and then the computer starts to use it.

and the computer technology is used to control our oxygen through ultrasound, scan, etc. So next is, my new mountain, Poirier Bay, 2005. I'm so excited. I argue that in the new English, the importance lies in the way in which the message is transmitted, not necessarily in the form that is... presented through the media. This means that television, readers, and newspapers have been shaping individual subjectivity and culture, not only locally but globally.

So it means, So that's what I mean by, Simak Loma had a very good time. The reason why television is so popular is because it shows the individual's sensitivity and culture. Not only in the land but also in the whole world.

The nature of the people is in the TV. So in addition, the French social theorist, Delvaux, in the year 1994, emphasized in his idea of media a spectaculous sophistication and a lack of knowledge. This week, TV news, a form of entertainment, all the content matters in television, broadcasts this one spot.

The internet is one of the most important element and perhaps supreme primary key to catch the attention of the audience. The internet is one of the most important element according to research 2015. The internet has prompted a platform which is innovative and inborn and is theoretical. While globalization allows expansion of information, assist to modern technologies is not a universal market that is available to every person around the world.

the internet and other technology. are limited by certain barriers. These barriers include lack of electricity, literacy, with financial system and government regulation. It means, the internet is the symbol of a contemporary world. So according to Erich, in 2015, the internet is the platform for Jesus.

China can be involved in this, even if it is only in Europe. So while the government is allowing the spread of information, the use of modern technologies is not a universal thing that everyone in the world is using. So that is my report.

So you can understand it. Thank you.

Transcript for:Global Interstate System Overview

Transcript for:
Global Interstate System Overview