AP World History Modern Speed Review

Introduction

• Full course review.
• Use the speed review sheet to check off what you know and highlight areas for review.

Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (1200-1450)

East Asia

• Song Dynasty: Neo-Confucianism, civil service exam, spread of Buddhism, agriculture advancements like Champa rice.

Dar al-Islam

• End of the Caliphate system post-Abbasids.
• Rise of Turkish sultanates.
• Contributions in math, science, and medicine.

South and Southeast Asia

• Influence of Buddhism and Hinduism.
• Sufism: Mystical Islamic branch attracting many converts.

The Americas

• Incas: Centralized power through road systems and a labor system called mita.
• Aztecs: Centralized power through human sacrifices and chinampas (floating gardens).

Africa and Europe

• Africa: State-building in Mali via trans-Saharan trade, Great Zimbabwe, and the Swahili Coast.
• Europe: Feudalism and decentralized government.

Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (1200-1450)

Trade Routes

• Silk Road: Connected East and West with luxury goods, banking houses, and flying cash.

• Indian Ocean Trade: Maritime trade, luxury goods exchange, diaspora communities, and monsoon winds.

• Trans-Saharan Trade: Linked Dar al-Islam and sub-Saharan Africa, trading salt, gold, and Islamic culture.

Important Concepts

• Mongols: Facilitated exchange across their empire.
• Environmental and Cultural Consequences: Bubonic plague, spread of crops, religions, and technology.

Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750)

Key Empires

• Manchus, Ottomans, Mughals, Safavids: Known as the gunpowder empires.

Ottomans

• Captured Constantinople, renamed Istanbul.
• Religiously mixed but mainly Sunni, clashed with Shia Safavids.

Mughals

• Ruled over Hindu majority; religiously tolerant under Akbar.

Safavids

• Known as the Shia empire.

Other Empires

• Songhai, Tokugawa Japan, Aztecs, Incas.

Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (1450-1750)

Maritime Empires

• Portuguese: First to explore; initiated transatlantic slave trade.
• Spanish: Established viceroyalties, encomienda system, spread Catholicism.

Trade and Exchange

• Columbian Exchange: Transfer of plants, animals, diseases.
• Joint-Stock Companies: Spread wealth and risk; British and Dutch dominant.

Unit 5: Revolutions (1750-1900)

Political Revolutions

• Rooted in Enlightenment ideas.
• Key Revolutions: American, French, Haitian, Latin American.

Industrial Revolution

• Started in Great Britain, spread to the US and Europe.
• Key inventions: steam engine, internal combustion engines.

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (1750-1900)

Imperialism

• Motivated by economic needs; settler colonies, Berlin Conference.

Resistance to Empire

• Sepoy Mutiny, Tupac Amaru's rebellion, Cattle Killing Movement.

Unit 7: Global Conflict (1900-present)

World Wars

• World War I: Total war, propaganda, high casualties.
• World War II: Continuing total war tactics, new tech like atomic bombs.

Interwar Period

• Great Depression, rise of dictatorships, expanded empires.

Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1945-present)

Cold War

• U.S. vs. USSR, non-aligned movement.

Decolonization

• Non-violent (India) and violent (Algeria) independence movements.

Unit 9: Globalization (1900-present)

Economic and Cultural Changes

• Technological advancements: internet, cellphones, radio.
• Globalized culture: Bollywood, World Cup.
• Environmental challenges and free-market policies.

Conclusion

• Review course content progressively.
• Utilize additional resources like the review packet and YouTube channel for deeper understanding.

Note: This guide provides a high-level overview. For detailed study, refer to specific topics as needed.