Lecture on Non-benzodiazepines

Introduction

• Topic: Non-benzodiazepines
• Definition: Also referred to as Non-BZD.
• Major Use: Primarily used for the treatment of insomnia.

Key Points

• Only Induces Sleep
  • Binds only to the alpha-1 receptor.
  • Does not have sedative or anxiety relief action.
• Metabolism: Happens through Cytochrome P450.
• Half-life: Up to 1-2 hours.

Usage and Effects

• Impact on REM Cycle
  • Induces normal and natural sleep.
  • No negative effects on REM and non-REM cycles.
• Long-term Use Effects
  • Prolonged use of hypnotics diminishes effects.
  • Not available without a doctor's prescription.

Major Drugs

1. Zopiclone
   • Side Effects: Taste alteration, judgment impairment, dry mouth, psychological dependence.
2. Zolpidem
   • Usage: Short-term treatment (1-2 weeks).
   • Side Effects: Morning sedation if taken late at night.
3. Zaleplon
   • Feature: Shortest acting drug, half-life 1 hour.
   • Bioavailability: 30%
4. Eszopiclone
   • Usage: Chronic and acute insomnia.
   • Sleep Cycle: Enhances stage-2.
   • Half-life: 6 hours.

Toxicity and Treatment

• Flumazenil: Used for the treatment of non-benzodiazepines toxicity.

Conclusion

• Discussion on sedative hypnotics of non-benzodiazepines concluded.
• The next lecture will discuss anticonvulsant drugs and neuroanatomy.

These notes cover the sedative hypnotics of non-benzodiazepines and outline upcoming topics.