Statistics - Chapter 3: Census and Sampling Method

Introduction

• In this video, we will cover Chapter 3 of Statistics, Census, and Sampling Method in 5 minutes.
• The link to the notes will be available in the video description.
• We have already covered the chapters of Business Studies and Principles of Accounting.

Meaning of Universe or Population

• In statistics, Universe or Population means the place from where data is collected.
• Example: Determining the universe from the statistics of class 11th commerce students.

Methods of Data Collection

• Census Method

  • Information is collected from each element.
  • Suitable for a small area and when high accuracy is required.
  • Complete study and detailed information is obtained.
  • Disadvantages: More expensive, time-consuming, impractical for large information.

• Sample Method

  • Data is collected by selecting a sample from the universe.
  • Example: Blood test.
  • Suitable: Large population, where reasonable accuracy is acceptable.
  • Advantages: Less expensive, time-saving, covers a large area.
  • Disadvantages: Wrong conclusions, requires expertise.

Types of Sampling Method

• Random Sampling

  • All elements are selected with equal probability.
  • No possibility of personal bias.
  • Disadvantage: Ignoring important elements.

• Non-Random Sampling

  • Selection depends on personal judgment.
  • Simple, but personal bias is possible.

• Stratified Sampling

  • Samples are chosen from different groups.
  • Diversity and comparative analysis possible.
  • Disadvantage: Requires expertise.

• Systematic Sampling

  • Data is arranged in sequence and selection is made.
  • Less possibility of errors.

• Quota Sampling

  • Data is divided into different categories for selection.

• Convenient Sampling

  • Selection according to the investigator.

Sampling Errors

• Sampling Error

  • Due to the wrong selection of sample.

• Non-Sampling Error

  • Errors in data collection or measurement.