hey what's going on AP world we have Alan Brinkley's American History Chapter 2 review video for you today transplantations and borderlands so we're into colonial America let's get going all right we're going to talk about the early Chesapeake but first thing we need to understand is what exactly is the Chesapeake and the Chesapeake is considered part of the south or southern colonies and is made up of two specific colonies Virginia and Maryland so we have Virginia here Maryland over here and you'll notice right here in the middle is a Chesapeake Bay so although the Chesapeake is a part of the South it only constitutes two colonies Virginia and Maryland now in Virginia there was a settlement in Jamestown and this was founded in6007 this was the first permanent English settlement remember Rowan Oak was founded earlier but it was not permanent it was a charter colony which meant that individuals would get together and pull their money and they would share in the profits and losses of the colony together so the whole purpose was to hopefully make money in the winter of6009 to 1610 there was a time period that was known as a starving time because many people died they were very sick and there were high death rates john Smith one of the leaders of Jamestown helped save the colony from starvation and he had a famous quote "He who shall not work shall not eat." So really encouraged people of the colony to work together to flourish now let's talk about tobacco because tobacco is going to be hugely important in the Chesapeake region it was introduced by John Rolf who later goes on to marry Pocahontas however it was hated by King James the first he called it an evil weed and there is John Rolf tobacco made lots of money for the colonists however it exhausted the land which led to expansion so tobacco really really after a couple years just decimated the land it forced the colonists to begin to move further west where natives were living and this would lead to conflict with the natives and this would be an endless cycle and they would use up that land because of the tobacco and continue moving out west let's talk about expansion we have something called the headright system be very familiar with both as multiple choice questions and potent potential essay info what it is is 50 acres of land so every new settler that would come over was given 50 acres of land however if a rich land owner in colonial America paid the passage of an immigrant or an indentured servant to come over they would receive 50 acres of land so it really encouraged indentured servants and it helped reward wealthy individuals in the year 1619 there are two very important events the first one is the house of burgesses which were elected representatives in Virginia is the earliest form of representative government in the United States this happens in 1619 and als and there's the Virginia House of Burgesses and also the first group of Africans arrive in colonial America so slavery begins to be introduced in this year it's kind of ironic that those two events happen in the same year conflict with the natives let's talk about we have Powhattan Confederacy and by 1644 after some conflict with the colonist and the natives they're no longer a threat all right let's dive a little deeper into Maryland it was founded by the second Lord Baltimore and it fared better than the early Virginiaians did we have something called the Maryland Acts of Toleration and please commit this to memory it's very very important when we're talking about religious freedom in colonial America it granted freedom of worship to all Christians and this was specifically designated to Catholics however we're going to notice this word Christians here it is not it does not grant freedom to Jews for example if you were not a Christian you could be put to death in Maryland so there were heavy heavy punishments if you were not Christian however if you were you were free to practice your religion in Virginia in 17676 one of the most important events in colonial America happens and that's Bacon's rebellion we have this guy Governor Berkeley who was trying to control things in Jamestown so he's telling settlers you cannot settle west of this line he like draws a line and says you can't go west there he was worried about conflict with the native however in the west many farmers under reppresented in the House of Burgesses and they felt that their needs weren't being met and they also felt that they weren't being protected from natives by Governor Berkeley so here's Nathaniel Bacon he's got a beef get it bacon beef i know corny and he's like "Yo don't tell me where to go buddy you need to offer adequate protection." So he goes on a rebellion with many other poor landless whites and he almost takes control however he dies suddenly of a disease so what is the significance why do we care about Bacon's rebellion and any essay that talks about slavery from colonial America has to include this this is a movement towards slaves for labor many of these people who were revoling were former indentured servants who were given their freedom so rich landowners in Virginia decide we just simply will no longer use indentured servants because they have to get their freedom this is a shift towards slavery you need to know this guys i cannot stress this enough this also shows tensions between the rich and the poor and the east and west meaning the eastern wealthy people at Governor Berkeley and the west underrepresented people you'll see this theme a lot throughout American history okay we're going to go up north to New England and Plymouth was founded by the pilgrims who were separatists who wanted to completely break away from the Anglican Church or the Church of England on the right over they formed the Mayflower Compact which established a government led by majority rule so whatever is whatever most people decides will go the relations with the natives uh in New England is a little different many natives had died before most of the colonists came over um however the natives that remained they in the beginning had a pretty good relationship with the natives taught colonists how to farm and how to hunt you'd be able to recognize this name William Bradford he was the governor of Plymouth let's talk about the Puritans puritans are those who want to purify the English church of certain rituals so they don't want to break away like the separatists they just want to purify it or make it a little bit better now King Charles I in the early 17th century he began to target Puritans he again impuritans wanted to purify the church not break away so in 1629 know this name John Winthrop know him at all cost a group of English people receive a charter and they eventually settle in Massachusetts Bay some Puritan beliefs they believe in predestination which means that God determines whether you will go to heaven or hell before you are born and there is nothing that you could do to change it they also focused on reading the Bible and this will play a large part in education he believed that Massachusetts would be a city upon a hill and you see that this is starred is because that it is that important and this was meant to be a model society for the rest of the world to look up to it was not literally a city on a hill but rather figuratively that they would be this model society for the rest of the world church members were the only people that were allowed to vote or hold political office and the church member requirements were very strict usually it meant you had to be white landowning male and they did not extend religious freedom to others it's very interesting the Puritans came over here because they wanted religious freedom for themselves but they did not extend it to others as we'll see with two different people thomas Hooker he founded Connecticut and he established the nation's first constitution called the fundamental orders of Connecticut it was a constitution for the colony roger Williams a guy from Massachusetts Bay County actually buddies with John Winthrop however he was an extreme separatist he wanted Massachusetts He wanted the Massachusetts Bay County to completely break away from the church that was too radical for John Winthrop he also advocated a separation of church and state and that Native Americans should receive money for their land so what happens to him he gets banished to Rhode Island where he founds Rhode Island where an important thing in Rhode Island all religions could worship so unlike Maryland where you had to be Christian Rhode Island you could be Jewish any religion that you wanted another very important woman from Massachusetts Bay who also gets banished to Rhode Island is Anne Hutchinson she challenged the power of the clergy and rights for women she basically said the clergy had no right to be preachers that people could kind of learn on their own and she sought to speak up in church and for women to speak up in church was that that was not a common thing during this time after her banishment many churches restricted women's rights further okay let's talk about Native American conflicts we have the Peekquat War which during this time period if you ever see a war it's usually over land so this is a conflict over land and trade king Phillip's war is fought again over war now King Phillip is not a European he is not British king Phillip was the name for a Native American metacom they called him King Phillip this started over land and lasted for several years and eventually the the colonists won and the Native Americans were severely weakened and were hardly a threat anymore when we're talking about Carolina we're going back to the South and there they had in at this time there's just one Carolina it's not North and South and they're kind of similar to Maryland they have a head rate system and there's religious toleration to all Christians in the northern section of Carolina that's where the poor farmers were and they were more isolated in the south you see wealthy plantations they are very aristocratic and they trade with Barbados especially sugar and you will see slavery increase heavily in the southern part of Carolina now let's go to New York this originally belonged to the Dutch and there were many different groups there and there were some religious toleration and local governments new Jersey was a proprietor colony like Maryland and Pennsylvania which means that one person founded it in order to make money now a charter is a group of people to make money a proprietor is one a proprietor county is one person founding it to make money and in New Jersey most citizens were small farmers same with New York you had a lot of farming but it wasn't cash crops like the South it was more wheat and food okay quakers definitely know the Quakers know the characteristics of them and where they're located they believed in an inner light that each person could have their own religious experience all people could attain salvation and they did not believe in predestination quakers were one of the few groups where women had many rights in church and they could become preachers and speak publicly which was very very progressive for this time period so please know that they were pacifists which meant they were not in favor of war and they had no paid clergy the founder of Pennsylvania was William Penn pennsylvania means Penn's woods and he founded as a proprietor colony again to make money like Roger Williams he paid Native Americans for their land and Pennsylvania was nicknamed a holy experiment which meant that they would tolerate many different religious groups and make money at the same time so the Caribbean is going to have a pretty interesting relationship with the colonies sugarcane is by far the most important crop it is very very arduous to grow and very labor intensive so they rely on slave labor and they institute harsh slave codes or laws against slavery they are a very important trading partner with British North America they will ship the sugar up and then it will turn into rum and different products in British colonies we're going to talk about the Spanish in North America they were a Catholic country so they favor converting natives to Christianity and especially in the southwestern part of the present day United States they like the French enlisted them as trading partners and they intermarried heavily with the Native Americans so you see this unique Spanish and Native American culture begin to develop when we're talking about Georgia one person that you need to know is James Ogulthorp he was the founder of Georgia and it was founded for two reasons one to be a border against the Spanish which were located in Florida and also to provide a colony for people who were imprisoned for debt to escape to it used to be if you were in debt to somebody you would go to jail so it became a heaven for debtors and the poor originally he excluded African slavery and Catholics he wanted to get rid of Catholics because he feared that the Spanish would try to take advantage of them and he didn't want slavery Africans because he was afraid they would run away later on Georgia began to develop when slavery was introduced and they instituted plantations modeled after South Carolina so it becomes a very plantationheavy colony when we're talking about the French in North America we're talking about more of the interior like present day Michigan and Ohio and they also had a beneficial relationship with the natives most of it was built on trade all right mercantalism is a very important concept and under this concept it's the idea that counties exist for the benefit and the wealth of the mother country i teach in New York State and many years ago on the global exam the world history exam there was this document for a DBQ and you look here here could be Britain the mother country and each colony the purpose of them of the colony was to be like a servant to bring things like gold and silver food stuffs raw materials so the whole idea of mercantalism the colonies would provide raw materials for the mother country the Navigation Acts definitely know this stated that the colonist could only trade with England and the colonist could only ship certain goods called enumerated articles to England and an example of enumerated article is tobacco you want to impress the AP writers on an essay mention enumerated articles there were some benefits of the navigation acts to the colonists and one of them or some of them were ship building blossomed and you also had a growth of lumber and iron industries predominately because of ships the dominion of England was instituted by James II he combined the control of several colonies under this guy Sir Edmund Andros and he was not well-liked in colonial America he strictly enforced the navigation acts and many colonists resented him but we have something called the glorious revolution that happens in England and James II is overthrown and his daughter and his son-in-law are installed as joint rulers William and Mary the college of William and Mary the second oldest university in America is named after these two people once they jointly share the throne Andros and the Dominion of England and the colonies were overthrown he actually Andros tries to escape the colonies by dressing up as a woman and fleeing but he is caught maryland and Plymouth are combined together into one colony Maryland and as a result of the Glorious Revolution we have a guy in J by the name of Jacob Lizler and in New York he saw this as an opportunity to try to overthrow the New York leader Francis Nicholson he is not successful but like Bacon's rebellion this kind of demonstrates tension between lower class and the wealthy in New York so what's the impact of the glorious revolution colonist successfully resisted some English policies they were able to put their feet down and say no no more of this this is going to play a huge role in the 1760s and 1770s it also strengthened their belief that England should consider their views again something that will come into play in the 1760s and 1770s okay we're going to finish up with some past essay topics that have appeared on your a on AP exams that relate to this chapter hopefully after reviewing this chapter you'd be able to at least have a pretty good idea of what you could incorporate here all right that's it for me thank you very much for watching i appreciate it please take a moment and subscribe to my channel there is an L there the Twitter is just blocking it help spread the word take 30 seconds to us on Facebook Pinterest Twitter anything you can think of if you have any questions comments you need clarifications throw those in the comment section below i appreciate you guys watching thank you very much and have a good