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Australian Government Structure

Jul 23, 2025

Overview

This lecture explains Australia's three levels of government—federal, state/territory, and local—including their responsibilities and how they work together.

Federal Government

  • The federal government is also called the national Parliament and meets in Canberra.
  • It can make laws for the whole country as specified in the Australian Constitution.
  • Federal responsibilities include immigration, marriage, communications, taxation, defence, and foreign affairs.
  • Federal law overrides state law if there is a conflict on shared issues.

State and Territory Governments

  • There are six state and two territory Parliaments, each meeting in their capital city.
  • State/territory governments make laws for their own regions.
  • Responsibilities include schools, hospitals, roads, railways, electricity, water, mining, and agriculture.
  • They handle areas not covered by the national Constitution.

Local Government

  • Local government consists of more than 560 councils across Australia.
  • Councils handle local matters like roads, parks, rubbish collection, library services, street signage, and pet control.
  • They focus on issues considered to be local services.

How the Three Levels Work Together

  • Each level of government has different responsibilities.
  • All three collaborate to ensure Australia is effectively managed.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Federal Parliament — The national law-making body that governs all of Australia.
  • State/Territory Parliament — Law-making bodies that govern within their individual states or territories.
  • Local Government/Council — Elected bodies responsible for governing smaller areas within states and providing local services.
  • Constitution — The set of fundamental laws that outline the powers of the federal government.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the differences between each level of government and their responsibilities.