Howdy again. We're going to continue on our lessons regarding language. Tahis time we're going to be looking at chapter seven, I believe, nonverbal communication and speech codes. Several years ago, A&M had an event called Draggyland. In fact, we've had it several times, but several of my students were unfamiliar with drag culture.
I also had an undergraduate TaA for the last four years whose primary focus was on drag culture. And so although I have not been to many drag shows myself, because of my students'research, I do feel familiar with some aspects of drag culture. And because of Draggyland and some issues associated with that, because of my students'research, today we're going to be looking at non-verbal communication with regards to drag queens. Drag queens are a co-cultural group, if you remember our discussion from last lecture, a co-cultural group in the United States.
So whether you agree and love drag queens or you think that they're problematic for society, that's not the point of today's lesson. Taoday's lesson is to learn about non-verbal communication and hopefully learn a little bit more about a co-cultural group that either you are not familiar with or learn more about one that you are quite familiar with. So I will go ahead and share my screen. Alright, language and non-verbal communication. I will warn you that because we're talking about drag queens, Some of today's discussion probably wouldn't be appropriate for younger siblings or children in the area.
So watch this video with viewer discretion advised. We'll first look at nonverbal codes. Tahen we'll look at some categories for nonverbal codes.
And finally, then we'll get into RuPaul's Drag Race and learn a little bit more about the co-cultural group of drag queens in the United States. And the co-cultural group of drag queens in the United States is very different. than the co-cultural group of drag queens in say the United Kingdom, Canada, or other country. All right, so first with regards to non-verbal communication, it is different than verbal communication because it's more unconscious. You don't even recognize that you're doing it, and it's also learned implicitly.
It's not something that you're taught to do, it's just you learn through observation, right? So are there any innate nonverbal codes? Do you think that there are any nonverbal codes that every single human does regardless of culture? Well, research shows there's one, and that's yawning.
Tahat every culture yawns, and when we yawn, we mean the same thing. In fact, all mammals, or I think most mammals also. yawn. I apologize if you hear my dogs barking.
Tahey're not yawning, they're barking, right? But other co-cultural codes, for instance, shaking your head no is something we learn. It doesn't, it's not innate.
We aren't born knowing that this means no, right, in our society, right? So nonverbal communication reinforces, substitutes, and contradicts verbal communication quite often. And many times researchers will say that more meaning comes from nonverbal communication than it actually does from verbal communication. So, for instance, you see a friend and you're like, hey, what's up, Joe?
Tahey're like, oh, nothing. You're like, how are you doing? Tahey're like, I'm fine.
Taheir nonverbal code is telling you they are not fine, even if they verbally say they are. So it reinforces, it substitutes, and it contradicts verbal communication. It includes our physical appearance, our facial expressions, our eye contact, hand gestures, paralanguage, which is anything that's four language like inflection, softness, or quietness, chronomics, which is time, and silence, my favorite of the nonverbal codes. So nonverbal communication is something we do where we share meaning without words. It consists of symbols that are not words.
It includes non-word vocalizations like and it is culturally and contextually dependent. So cultures have different non-verbal codes and they can mean different things. Hofstede, we've already talked about Hofstede and the culture, or the culture, the communication, culture, power, and context chapter.
We talked about Geertz Hofstede and his cultural dimensions or his value orientations. Tahere are two big ones that we want to look at with regards to nonverbal communication because they really impact how nonverbal communication is utilized, and that's individualism and power distance. Cultures that have high individualism tend to prefer to be non-verbally more distant from each other.
So, for instance, we are in a very individualistic culture in the United States. I tend to tell people I like about two feet negative zone. Tahat means I don't really like people within two feet of me.
I prefer distance. If I were to get on a public transportation like a bus, I'm going to sit in a seat that's empty as opposed to sit in a seat next to somebody. right?
I prefer distance. Individualistic cultures tend to smile more as well because we're very individualistic. So it doesn't reflect anything about our family. It just reflects that you as an individual might be happy.
Individualistic cultures are also non-verbally affiliative, meaning they're more welcoming and open in their non-verbal communication when they communicate. People in the United States often open their arms when they talk, and that shows nonverbal affiliation, right? Cultures that have high power distance.
So this means that subordinates see their bosses in a very high hierarchy. So they wouldn't necessarily want to contradict their bosses because they see them as more elevated, right? So for instance, I might call my boss.
by his first name, Hart, but I probably wouldn't call the president of the university, General Welsh, Mark, right? I would call him by his title because there is power distance between him and I, right? So cultures that have high power distance, they tend to smile only to authority porn. So they were not going to smile to people that are not in a higher position than them, only to people above them. Tahey also are more aware of their nonverbal codes because they know there's that power distance.
So whereas when I'm with my immediate boss part, like I said, I call him by his first name, I might wear a baseball cap and I might be like, what's up, heart? But again, when I'm with President General Welsh, I'm going to be more formal. I'll probably wear a suit and tie. I'm more aware that my nonverbal codes matter.
because of that power distance. Also in high power distance culture, eye contact is something that is seen as disrespectful and so we tend to not look at our superiors in the eyes. Tahat's a tendency in cultures that have high power distance.
In the United States, we believe eye contact is an important non-verbal code that is required. So even like in the military where there is high power distance, sometimes eye contact is important. But in cultures where power distance is high and not in a military U.S. perspective, eye contact is really important to avoid as a sign of disrespect. How do we know all of this?
Well, sometimes we don't, and that can lead to violations. It can make us feel uncomfortable. So Bergen gave us the very, very famous nonverbal expectancy violation theory. We abbreviate it as NEV.
And this is a theory that posits that people hold expectations about nonverbal behaviors of others. For instance, my mom believes that all men should hold the door open for women. And if a man does not hold a door open for a woman, she feels violated.
She feels like, oh, my God, I can't believe they would do that. Tahat's a violation of nonverbal behavior. When these expectations are violated, people evaluate the violation either positively or negatively, depending on the source of the violation.
So that's important that we realize that sometimes even though people violate what we expect, it can be a positive outcome or a negative outcome, right? So this isn't really nonverbal communication, but I asked my nephew who is five years old, I said, hey, do you know what the capital of Taexas is? And he said, yep.
It's a Ta. Tahat violated my expectation. I was expecting him to say Austin, and I thought that was hilarious, right?
So that was a positive reaction to the violation. With regards to this violation, we have something that Bergen calls the communicator reward valiance, right? And this is a key word on your test. So the communicator reward valiance is the sum of both positive and negative attributes that you have when this violation occurs.
So do you feel rewarded because of the violation or do you feel that you would be better? that something has happened to you in a negative way. If there is high communication reward valiance, you're going to be more willing to overlook odd or bad behavior. So here are some examples. Oh, I'm sorry, I forgot.
I have an example on the next slide. Tahe greater the degree to which the person is perceived as valuable, the more tendencies you have to overlook their violations. And then if you see them as punishing, the more you're going to try to avoid that person.
It's pretty self-explanatory, pretty intuitive, right? An example would be if someone bumps into you at Starbucks and it makes you drop your hot coffee all over you. Tahat is a violation.
You did not expect that coffee to, you didn't expect that person to bump into you and knock your coffee over and you might be upset. However, would you perceive that violation to be less severe? if it was a TaU student or a fellow Aggie.
So some students might not be happy that a Taexas student was on campus, increasing the anger of this violation and having a negative attribute. Versus if it was a fellow Aggie, they might say, oh I'm upset, but you know sometimes mistakes happen. Versus if it was a student, a fellow student you don't know, or if it was me, your professor, right?
You might go, ah Dr. Taarvin. And in fact, I might even offer you extra credit because I did it. And then which case that's a violation, but it has a positive outcome. Or would you feel less violated if it was me or if it was Taaylor Swift?
Some of you, that would be the best day of your life if Taaylor Swift bumped into you and you knocked hot coffee and burnt yourself. Even though that's a negative violation, because of the person, your reward valiance is much higher. and therefore you would forgive Taaylor Swift over forgiving me or another Aggie or a TaU student.
I hope that flows and makes sense. When we're looking at non-verbal communication categories, we have several. You'll notice they all end with this"-ix,"kind of Latin, which means the study of.
So we have chronomics, haptics, kinetics, optics, right, objectics, sorry. And each one of these is the study of. So here are the different categories for us to match. I already told you earlier in today's lecture, chronomics is the study of time.
We'll look at that in more detail in just a second. Haptics is probably easy if you have an iPhone, because if you go under settings, you know that haptics is touch. Tahat's how you on your smartphones, your touch settings are called the haptic settings.
If you're in kinesiology, then you probably know that. uh kinesthetics is gestures is your is your body movement right objectics is um the things that you have i don't know how to put the uh that you objectively put on yourself i don't know it's your appearance it's how you do your hair what clothing you wear if you're wearing makeup or have earrings in oculus that's a hard word for me to say oculus six culisses Tahe O word that's on the screen that I'm having Jaume do and can't remember how to pronounce is eye contact. Super important in eastern cultures that we avoid eye contact. Olfactics is your smell and in certain cultures smell really communicates quite a bit. Tahere are cultures where if you can't smell the other person's breath it means that you're not friends with them.
So smell is really important. You know smell is important because you've probably seen a million perfume or cologne lines and what they represent. Paralinguistics, para for linguistics language.
So for language, these are our vocal cues. How fast I talk, how high I talk, how slow I talk, how many silences, moments I have. Tahat's all part of paralinguistics. It's for your language. And then proxemics is obviously space.
How close are you to someone else? Like I said, in the United States, I think we prefer about a two-foot negative zone. We prefer to have some space in our individualistic culture. So going through these, we have chronomics, the study of time.
Tawo important keywords that I really, really want to emphasize and have you all know is monochronic versus polychronic. Mono meaning one time, one time only. Polychronic meaning multiple times. Monochronic cultures are like the United States. It means that time is linear.
It's sequential and it's a commodity that can be wasted or sold. So monochronic time happens at 8 a.m., happens then 9 a.m., happens then 10 a.m., happens at 11 a.m. happens.
And you might have something scheduled for each one of those blocks because time is monochronic. It is one time. Monochronic cultures.
are like the United States. We believe in schedules and we believe that you can waste time. Polychronic cultures are like Latin American and Asian cultures, and it is the opposite. It means that there are multiple times happening at any instance and that you can't really waste time because it's a thing that just happens regardless if you like it or not, right?
So in polychronic cultures, we tend to be more late. We don't follow schedules because we want to live in the moment as opposed to following any schedule. And polychronic cultures are kind of falling away because the United States has such a hegemonic culture over business around the world.
If you want to participate in U.S. business, you need to be monochronic. So many cultures are starting to become more monochronic with regards to business, but still being polychronic with regards to family relationships. So if you know anybody that's from Latin America and they tell you the party starts at nine, they actually mean it's closer to 10, 11 or even midnight because they might still be getting ready for the party at nine.
Taime is not something that is linear. It's just there in polychronic cultures. If that confuses you, I highly recommend you look up Wikipedia because it gives you some really good. examples on the differences.
Haptics, like we said, is the study of humans touching. We have ritualized, intimate, sexual, violent types of touching. I think that's all intuitive. We don't need to go into it. Just know that haptics, study of touch.
Kinesics is the study of body movements. Again, think of kinesiology. So how does your body language represent or communicate something to you? So for instance, US citizens are known to lean.
We tend to use our body to lean against things. It's one of the easiest ways to know if somebody else is a US citizen when abroad. So if you ever travel abroad or you're abroad right now and you look and you see somebody leaning, I am going to almost guarantee you can go up to that individual and say, what part of the United States are you from?
Because the US culture is one of the only cultures that is so lazy. We lean on anything near us. Tahat's the study of how we use our body.
Objectives is the study of how what we wear can convey meaning. Tahis includes your hairstyles, like the mullet came back for a few months this year or last year. Oh, well, if you have a mullet, well, I makes me gag, right?
Tahat's such a horrible haircut, in my opinion, right? What are you communicating with your your mullet besides being like the fun, silly kind of guy or girl, right? Or non-binary if that's your identity right uh so uh hairstyle communicates messages i have long hair as a dude right uh long hair down beard that communicates a message to people people often ask me why you have long hair like you're a guy well so did jesus i think uh right i just i like long hair but that does communicate a different identity than somebody that has short hair right Your objectives tell us your demographics, like what kind of clothing you wear.
Could you imagine the very popular A&M outfit that ladies like to wear, the oversized Ta-shirt with the really short shorts? Could you imagine if your grandmother wore that? Tahey tell us demographic information like age, gender, status, and even religion. Also, cultural spaces tell us what to wear. So I was just at a funeral last week, so we all wore black, obviously.
Another friend is getting married soon, and I know we're not allowed to wear white to her wedding because she's the only one wearing white. So the cultural space determines what we wear. And also clothing.
So your generation probably calls them shorts, but they were originally called Bermudas because what we call shorts were invented in Bermuda. Right? And that tells us because in Bermuda it's really hot, you can't wear pants all the time. Right?
So that's how. objectives can communicate messages. We also have the study of eye contact. Again, this word is leaving me on how to pronounce it. I apologize.
In some cultures, eye contact shows respect. Other cultures, it's the... complete opposites.
It shows disrespect. So it's really important to understand eye contact before traveling to different cultures. Olfactics is the study of smell.
It is how we use different odors to communicate messages. So for instance, if somebody passes gas near you, right, what are they communicating? Tahat they are really close, familiar with you, or they don't really care about you at all, right? Interestingly enough, the finest perfumes in the world contains hints of urine. You'll also see that whale juices, parts of whales are also used in colognes because the study of smell is really important.
Paralinguistics, we've already talked about. Tahese are things that are for language. We'll look at some more examples of paralinguistics when we get to drag cultures later in the lecture, but these include the things that you learn in public speaking course. Proximics is the study of space. Tahat's all you really need to know for our exam is the study of space.
We have different types of distance zones, so you're probably closer in space with somebody that you know versus somebody you don't know. So personal space, intimate space, and social space. And then during the pandemic, we even had COVID spacing, which was six feet apart. So we did that really quick, but we looked at nonverbal expectancy violation theory.
We looked at Hofstede's cultural dimensions, individualism and power distance and how they relate to nonverbal communication. And then we looked at some categories, eight different categories that all ends with X study of. So that was the first part. Here are some example questions that I have.
So the students in a group tend to sit farther apart from each other, smile more often, and are non-verbally affiliative to other groups. Taheir non-verbal behavior suggests that they score high on which of the following cultural dimensions by Hofstede? Well, if they are non-verbally affiliative, they smile a lot, and they sit farther apart because of the distance, that shows that they are individualistic.
According to Hofstede, the sum of positive and negative attributes that someone brings to an interaction, plus the potential they have for reward or punishment. We were talking about Taaylor Swift dumping coffee on you. Tahis is known as what?
Tahis is the communicator of reward valiance. When Caden accidentally touched Henry's hand while walking to class, Henry's nonverbal expectations were violated. Ever since the incident, Henry has been paying close attention to Caden's gestures and body movements.
Tahat is, Henry is now studying Caden's nonverbal communication behavior. Which category of nonverbal behavior is he observing? And again, he's observing his body movement and gestures, which is kissing genetics.
Okay. When Nathaniel accidentally touched Emma's hand while walking to class, Emma's nonverbal expectations were violated. Ever since the incident, Emma has been paying close attention to whenever she sees Nathaniel touch someone.
Tahat is, she's studying nonverbal behavior. In the last instance, if we go back, Caden is looking at gestures and body movement. In this example, Emma is looking at Nathaniel's touch.
Taouch is different than body movement. and that's haptics. See how the two questions are very similar but based on that one little category touch it changes the answer. All right we looked at the non-verbal codes the categories of uh not uh categories of non-verbal codes and now we're going to be looking at RuPaul's Drag Race again um because drag culture is a protest culture um Tahey tend to be a little bit extravagant, and so some of the language choices may be inappropriate for younger audiences.
I will be posting on Canvas an article by Nathaniel Simmons. You do not have to read it. Everything you need to know from this article is in this lecture for you to know, but if you're interested in drag culture, if you're interested in what this lecture has to say, you're welcome to read Nathaniel Simmons'article.
Before we talk about the article, I thought it was important that we look at some important dates in RuPaul's history. In 1969, we have the Stonewall Riots. If you are not familiar with the Stonewall Riots, you do need to become familiar with them.
I am asking a question about them because they are so significant. to U.S. history, right? We just, we're in July, but last month in June was Pride Month. Tahat's because of what happened in June 1969 in New York City with regards to the Stonewall Riots.
Highly, highly recommend you click on this link, 1969, for the Stonewall Riots to get a quick understanding of them, or go to the Wikipedia page to learn more about why. 1969 Stonewall riots was so significant to the U.S. population. I'm not saying just the LGBTaQ plus community.
It changed all of U.S. culture, not just the marginalized community of drag queens. RuPaul became really famous in 1993 with a song that you probably are familiar with. She became the uh the I uh what's the word I'm looking for the icon no the spokesperson for uh Mac uh cosmetics and really put drag Queens on the U.S Consciousness on and people started to think about drag Queens a little bit more because of RuPaul Charles uh famous famous music video which you can listen to right here from 1993 you better work And then in 2009, RuPaul's Drag Race was created.
And this show really put drag queens in the U.S. consciousness. And lots of people started talking about drag queens. As I told you, my TaA from the last four years did a lot of research on drag culture. And she specifically looked at RuPaul's Drag Race and what it did for society regarding the LGBTaQ plus communities.
Simmons looks at this concept of marginalization. It's a blue word, so it is a test question. And marginalization is the process where we systematically put people on the margins. If you think of a piece of paper and you have the one-inch margins where nothing goes because it's not important, that's what marginalization is.
It's putting everybody out there in the park that doesn't matter so we can focus on those that are not marginalized. However, Simmons argues that drag queens are actually marginalized twice. An example of marginalization on A&M's campus is here in Kim 100. Tahis is my favorite classroom on campus.
Kim 100, huge classroom, and it looks like the epitome of what a college classroom should look like from my 1980s perspective, right? From when I watched college films as a kid, this is what I thought a college classroom should look like. So it's my favorite classroom.
However, it does not have ADA accessibility. So sometimes I'm assigned to teach in this classroom, but then I get a student in a wheelchair and the whole class has to move because it's not accessible to students in wheelchair. Tahey are marginalized. Tahey are not allowed to or not allowed. Tahey're not able to use what, in my opinion, the best classroom on campus.
Tahat's an example of marginalization. Tahey've been pushed to the sides because they can't have access to it. But according to Simmons, drag culture is also marginalized.
right? Tahey are marginalized because they look different than the rest of society. But they also blur this line between the dominant gender narrative binary. And you see that as a blue word.
So another key word for your exam. Tahe dominant gender narrative binary is that in the is that there is male and female. Tahere's boy and girl. Tahat is the dominant gender binary, right?
It says that people are either male or female. We know this is false regardless of your political beliefs because one in a thousand people are born with both sexes. And so there is more than just male and female. Tahere is also the intersex individuals, but there's also the individuals that don't identify with what they were assigned at birth.
Drag queens are often considered gay men, but that's false. Drag queens don't necessarily have to be gay men. Tahere have been drag kings.
Tahere have been drag queens where people were born female and then identified as male and then became drag queens. Tahere are people that were born male, then identified as women, and then became drag kings, right? So they blur this line of what is male, female?
What is, what is? this binary, right? Tahey blur that line. So again, regardless of your political beliefs, the dominant gender narrative binary is that it's male-female.
What drag queens do is they make that line kind of messy. Tahey blur it. Simmons is going to be looking at speech code theory, which examines how groups communicate based on their group, basically, on their cultural, occupational, social group.
Speech codes are things that govern the way we say or do things in a particular situation. So a speech code for Aggies would be howdy, right? We know that we say howdy and then somebody else is supposed to say howdy back.
And there are language policies, which are customs or laws that determine which language is spoken where. So we say howdy. Tahe custom is that you would say howdy back to an individual.
Language policies include nonverbal communication as well. So when you go to the MSC, you have to take off your hat. Tahat is all custom or a law that we do on A&M's campus. And so Simmons is looking at what are these rules within drag community?
So what are the ways that are unique to drag culture and how is this particular way reinforced? We're going to look at some examples. Oops, sorry, excuse.
I meant to delete this one from my code. So sorry about that. Our first word that we're going to look at, our first speech code from drag culture that I want you to become familiar with is the concept of family.
And that is the foundation of drag cultural identity. RuPaul famously says many, many times that gay people oftentimes choose their families because their biological families disown them. So gay people sometimes get disowned from their families for being gay, but drag culture, drag queens can get disowned.
Even if they're accepted for being gay, they might not be accepted for being drag queens. And so family is something that they choose. All drag queens are part of a family.
big keyword for drag culture. My favorite of the drag culture words is fishy. And this is how a drag queen is supposed to act. And a fishy means that it is very, very feminine behavior, right?
So the more fishy a drag queen is, that means the more they act like a female. Our final word is reading. Reading is fundamental for drag cultures. It is to wittily make fun of another person's flaws.
Reading is super important for co-cultural groups, regardless if they're drag queens or not. So black culture tends to have reading. Even within Asian communities, there's reading. Drag culture has made the concept of reading really, really popular.
Why do co-cultural groups need to read one another? It's because they can make fun of each other, but they're part of a family. So when they're doing it, they know it's like banter. It's kind of like you can make fun of your mom, but nobody else can. Right.
So you can make fun of other drag queens. And what it does is it gives them a thicker skin so that when they go out into society, if somebody that's not part of the group makes fun of them, they're like, that's the best you have. What you should have said was X, Y, or Z. And that would have been funnier. Like, come on with your lame, your lame attacks.
Right. do better. So reading is really, really important in drag culture and other co-cultural groups that face a lot of discrimination and marginalization.
Here are some examples of the terms if you're interested in going to the YouTaube channels. Again, specifically with the reading challenge, the language choices are really inappropriate, so viewer discretion is advised. And the family clip is from... When the Pulse nightclub incident happened in Florida and RuPaul responds that people are attacking her family.
In the Phishy example, we just have some drag queens that are being extremely feminine. And then in the Reading Challenge, they're just really attacking one another. I will say that the Reading Challenge is more impactful if you understand their culture, because some of the things they say won't make sense to you if you're not familiar with drag culture.
Reading is fundamental. If you click on this link, it's RuPaul's Drag, RuPaul Charles on Saturday Night Live explaining what reading is to children. And it's quite hilarious.
So I recommend it if you're interested. With regards to paralinguistics, again, the study of things that are for language, we have two vocalizations and voice qualities that we're going to look at. So vocalizations are just the things that we...
Tahe sounds that we make, those are all vocalizations. Voice qualities are the things you learned about in speech class like pitch, rate, and articulation. In the vocalization example, I have two of the most famous drag queens.
Tahey have a television show called or a YouTaube show called which is a vocalization. And then for voice qualities, I have an example of a drag queen singing on America's American Idol. So you can see how they change their voice based on if they're in the feminine persona of the drag queen or in their non-drag self. Finally, we're going to end the discussion on semiosis. Tahis is probably the most difficult part of the discussion on nonverbal communication.
Semiosis is the study of language, or I'm sorry, the study of meaning. Sorry, sorry. Semiosis, study of meaning. How do we know what these vocalizations mean, right?
So semiotics is the study of semiosis, the process of producing meaning. And we do it through this silly equation, which I hate because all the words sound the same. We have the sign, the signified, and the signifier. So fishy is a word.
Tahat means it's a signifier. Tahe second a drag individual says fishy, it starts to signify something in their head. It's a signifier.
It's like, oh, bing, bing, bing. I hate it. and what it signifies is the signified right so uh you say fishy it's gonna bing bing bing signifier to a signified thing which means right so fishy means to to act like a girl and what when you put those two together that creates a sign and that sign is the appropriate behavior for a drag queen again these are kind of confusing words because you see the word sign isn't each of these keywords, right? So a signifier is a word or a symbol, right?
If I say Reveille, that's a signifier that makes you instantly think of perhaps the dog. Tahe signified is the dog. And what's that sign of?
Tahe mascot for A&M, right? I think that symbiotics is a little confusing, but when you're looking at it, just really pay attention. Signifier is a word or a symbol.
and that signifies something signified which is in your head hopefully that helps so here's an example that is on the test that we can fill in the signifier is the word reading and reading signifies in our head that we're criticizing someone and what is that meaning that is then the meaning is that you're part of the group right? Because you're making fun of somebody. Or we can look at it from a reverse equation.
So we have the meaning is the foundation of drag culture and it signifies connection. What word is a signifier for that? Tahe signifier is family, right?
So here are some examples or test questions. Which of the following definitions best match their meaning based on the speech codes of RuPaul's Drag Race? Family is the foundation of drag culture. Yes, that's true. Reading is to behave like a woman.
Tahat's wrong. Tahat's fishy. Being too hungry is to lust after another person.
Tahat's not drag culture. Being fishy is to point out a flaw. No, that's reading.
So we know it's A. Family is the foundation of the drag culture. Which of the following is true regarding symbiotics and our lesson on speech codes in RuPaul's Drag Race?
Tahe signifier, criticize. Well, criticize isn't one of our signifiers that we looked at, right? Tahe signifiers we looked at were reading family and fishy. And so we can take that one out. B, the signifier family signifies what it makes me think in my head to expose someone's faults.
Tahat's wrong. Tahe signifier, fishy, that is one of our keywords, signifies feminine behavior and means individuals are behaving the way they should for a drag queen. Tahat's true. So the correct answer is C. Oh, this one already has the answer for you.
How does studying nonverbal behavior in RuPaul's Drag Race help us understand intercultural communication? Drag queens show us how a co-cultural group within the national consensus of the United States uses language to reinforce its identity. So that's why.
It's not because I'm trying to make you focus on drag queens. It's just that it happens to be the co-cultural group that we are looking at. for this specific example. So today we looked at drag histories, we looked at speech codes and drag race, and we looked at symbiotics and paraminguistics. I hope you enjoyed our lesson on nonverbal communication.
And here are the key. Oh, and there are the keywords that you need to know. Tahe study guide is also posted on Canvas. Have a great afternoon.