AP Human Geography Review

Introduction

• The goal is to review highlights of AP Human Geography
• Focus on main concepts of each unit
• Check out topic review videos for more in-depth content
• Ultimate Review Packet available for detailed study resources
• Community support via Discord

Unit 1: The Basics of Geography

• Maps and Map Projections
  • Thematic and reference maps
  • Map distortion: shape, area, distance, direction
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial relationships
  • Qualitative vs quantitative research
• Spatial Concepts
  • Technology reduces distance decay, creating interconnectedness
  • Environmental determinism vs possibilism
• Scale and Regions
  • Scale of analysis and map scale
  • Types of regions: functional, perceptual, formal

Unit 2: Population and Migration

• Population Distribution
  • Urban vs rural settlements
  • Population density: arithmetic, physiological, agricultural
• Demographic Transition Model
  • Stages of population growth
  • Impact on society and economy
• Migration
  • Push and pull factors
  • Voluntary vs forced migration
• Theories
  • Malthusian and neo-Malthusian views on population growth

Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes

• Culture
  • Cultural relativism vs ethnocentrism
  • Cultural landscape and land-use patterns
• Diffusion
  • Types: relocation, expansion, hierarchical, contagious, stimulus
• Religion and Language
  • Universalizing vs ethnic religions
  • Language families and linguistic diffusion

Unit 4: Political Organization of Space

• Political Boundaries
  • Types: relic, antecedent, subsequent, consequent, superimposed, geometric
• Gerrymandering and Voting Districts
• Types of States
  • Unitary vs federal states
  • Concepts of sovereignty and devolution
• Supranational Organizations
  • Impact on state sovereignty and global cooperation

Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land Use

• Agricultural Practices
  • Intensive vs extensive agriculture
  • Commercial vs subsistence farming
• Agricultural Revolutions
  • Impacts of technology on agriculture
• Settlement Patterns
  • Clustered, dispersed, linear
• Debates and Movements
  • Organic farming, local food movements, urban farming

Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land Use

• Urban Models
  • Burgess, Hoyt, Harris & Ullman, Galactic
  • Models for LDCs: Latin American, Sub-Saharan African, Southeast Asian
• Urban Challenges
  • Infrastructure, gentrification, segregation
• Sustainability
  • Smart growth, new urbanism, green belts

Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development

• Economic Sectors
  • Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary
• Globalization and Trade
  • Neoliberal policies, trade agreements
• Development Theories
  • Rostow's stages, Wallerstein's World System
• Measuring Development
  • GDP, GNP, GNI, HDI, Gender Inequality Index

Conclusion

• Utilize resources for final review
• Community support through various channels
• Encouragement and best wishes for the exam