in this video we're going to go over acids and bases particularly the uranous definition the bronzed lari definition and LS acidbase definition so let's talk about the arous definition of acids acids they release H+ ions or hydronium ions in solution so that's the orous definition now keep in mind in water the H+ ions do not exist by themselves rather they're associated with water to produce the hydronium ion known as h3o+ the uranous definition for bases is a base will release hydroxide ions in the solution examples of orous acids include HF hydrochloric acid h CL hydrochloric acid h2so4 sulfuric acid hno3 nitric acid all of these acids have a hydrogen in front of them so let's say if you put HCL in water hydrochloric acid will dissociate in water it's going to donate a hydrogen to water creating the hydronium ion and also the conjugate base chloride so as you can see an oranus acid releases hydronium ions into the solution arous bases include sodium hydroxide potassium hydroxide calcium hydroxide now let's say if you were to put sodium hydroxide in water it's going to dissociate into sodium ions and hydroxide ions so as we can see this is an orous base because it releases hydroxide ions into the solution which will cause the pH to increase making the solution basic or alkaline now what about the Bron dead lri definition of acids and bases you need to know that a bron salari acid is basically a proton donor an h plus ion is a proton a broni base is proton acceptor now let's consider the reaction between hydrochloric acid which is a weak acid and water so these two will react reversibly producing h3o+ and a fluoride so as you can see HF is considered an uranous acid because it releases hydronium I ions into the solution but it's also considered a bron Solari acid because it's a proton donor HF lost a hydrogen it donated a hydrogen to water because it lost a hydrogen it is the broni acid now water was the proton acceptor water accepted the hydrogen as it turned into the hydronium ion so water in this case is the Bron base the hydronium ion is the conjugate acid whenever you add a hydrogen to a molecule you create a conjugate acid fluoride is the conjugate base whenever you take away a hydrogen you create the conjugate base so for example consider the bicarbonate ion hc3 minus what is the conjugate acid and the conjugate base of this particular ion whenever you want to write the conjugate acid increase the hydrogen number by two I mean by one so if you add one to it you're going to have two hydrogen's total now because hydrogen has a plus one charge you need to increase the charge by one1 + 1 is z now if you want to write the conjugate base of bicarbonate take away hydrogen so it's going to be CO3 and decrease the charge by one1 - 1 is -2 so let's do a few more examples writing conjugate acid base pairs so let's try ammonia what is the conjugate acid and the conjugate base of ammonia so to write the conjugate acid increase the hydrogen number by one now the initial charge was zero this is neutral if we add one to it it's going to have a plus one charge for the conjugate base need to remove a hydrogen and decrease the charge by one 0 - 1 is 1 so nh2 minus is the conjugate base of NH3 nh4 plus ammonium is the conjugate acid of it now what about this one what is the conjugate acid and base of hydrogen or monohydrogen phosphate feel free to pause the video and work on that example so to write the conjugate acid let's increase the hydrogen number by one so it's going to be H2 P4 and increase the charge by 1 -2 + 1 is1 for the conjugate base we need to take away a hydrogen so it's going to be P4 and we need to decrease the charge by 1 -2 minus 1 is -3 so that's how you can write the conjugate acid and base of any molecule or ion so now let's get get back to the bronol definition of acids and bases so consider this reaction let's say carbonate reacts with water to produce the bicarbonate ion and hydroxide so which one is the Bron salari acid and which one is the Bron salary base so bicarbonate accepted a hydrogen atom or to be more precise a hydrogen ion it went from CO3 to H3 so because it accepted a hydrogen ion it is the Bron Solari base it is the proton acceptor now water released or gave away a hydrogen ion and went from H2O to O minus so because water lost the hydrogen ion it is the Bron stari acid now if you go from water to hydroxide it's a loss of a hydrogen so therefore hydroxide must be the conjugate base since it lost the hydrogen going from H2O to O minus now carbonate it gained a hydrogen whenever something gains a hydrogen ion it becomes the conjugate acid so bicarbonate is the conjugate acid of this reaction okay so let's try a few more examples go ahead and determine which one is the bronol base and which one is the bronol acid in addition determine the conjugate acid and the conjugate base produced on the right so let's start with the reaction on top so going from NH3 to nh4 we can see that NH3 is the proton acceptor it gained a hydrogen ion so since it's the proton acceptor it is the broni base which means that nh4 plus is the conjugate acid since they gained a hydrogen ion now water lost a hydrogen ion which means water is the proton donor which makes it the bronol acid and hydroxide it lost the hydrogen ion going from water to O minus which means that it's the conjugate base so let's do the same thing for the one below methanol lost the hydrogen so it's the proton donor so it's the broni acid water gained the hydrogen so it's the broni base which means that h2+ is the conjugate acid and methoxide is the conjugate base now let's go over the Lewis acid and Lewis base definition so AIS acid is basically an electron pair acceptor a leis base is an electron pair donor a good example of a Lewis acidbase reaction is the one between bh3 and ammonia now ammonia the nitrogen atom in ammonia has eight electrons around it it has a lone pair and three bonds Each Bond equates to two electrons so nitrog doesn't have any space to receive electrons however it can donate a pair of electrons due to this alone pair NOW Boron has an incomplete oxy it only has three bonds six electrons it can AC accept a pair of electrons which makes Boron the leis acid and the nitrogen in ammonia the leis base so the nitrogen can donate a pair of electrons or two electrons to create a bond between Boron and nitrogen so therefore because nitrogen donates the lone pair it's the Lis base because Boron accepts the lone pair is theis acid so the product of this reaction looks like this whenever nitrogen has four bonds it has a positive formal charge and whenever boron has four bonds it has a negative formal charge overall it's still neutral so that's an example of a leis acid base reaction the leis base is known as the nucleophile which is electron Rich the leis acid is the electrophile it's electron po it wants electrons