Module 9: Female Reproductive System

Overview

• Focus on the gross anatomy of the female reproductive system.
• Learn to identify organs and associated structures.

Key Components of the Female Reproductive System

1. Ovaries

   • Paired, oval glands, firm and nodular.
   • Located in the sublumbar region (1 - 1.5 cm in dogs).
   • Consist of:
     • Cortex: Dense area with follicles.
     • Medulla: Vascular zone with blood supply.
   • Structures:
     • Follicles: Primary to Graafian (mature) follicles.
     • Corpus Luteum: Yellow, post-ovulation.
     • Corpus Albicans: White, scar-like structure.
   • Held in place by ligaments:
     • Broad Ligament: Includes mesovarium, mesosulfinks, and mesometrium.
     • Ovarian Bursa: Formed by mesosulfinks, proper ligament, mesovarium, and ovary.
     • Suspensory Ligament: Attaches ovary to diaphragm (in dogs).
     • Proper Ligament: Connects ovary to uterine horn.

2. Uterine Tubes (Oviducts/Fallopian Tubes)

   • Paired, convoluted tubes for ova transport.
   • Parts include:
     • Infundibulum: Funnel-shaped, captures egg.
     • Fimbria: Finger-like projections aiding egg capture.
     • Abdominal Ostium: Opening to peritoneal cavity.
     • Ampulla: Fertilization site.
     • Isthmus: Narrow, convoluted part.
   • Supported by the mesosulfinks.

3. Uterus

   • Expandable organ for embryo/fetus development.
   • Includes:
     • Uterine Horns: Musculomembranous extensions.
     • Uterine Body: Between cervix and uterine horns.
     • Cervix: Connects uterus to vagina, narrow lumen with two orifices.
   • Uterus positioning:
     • Held by the mesometrium.
     • Located dorsal to bladder, ventral to colon/rectum.

4. Vagina, Vestibule, and Vulva

   • Vagina: Extends from cervix to urethra entrance; copulatory organ and birth canal.
   • Vestibule: Between urethral opening and vulva, part of urinary and genital systems.
     • Contains erectile venous plexuses for coital lock.
     • Vestibular glands for lubrication.
   • Vulva: External part with dorsal and ventral commissures.
     • Labia: Lips of vulva.
     • Clitoris: Homologous to male penis, located in clitoral fossa.

Summary

The female reproductive system comprises:

• Paired Ovaries
• Uterine Ducts (Tubes)
• Uterus
• Vagina, Vestibule, Vulva

Understanding these structures and their functions is crucial for recognizing their roles in the reproductive process.