Lecture Notes: Antibiotics - Sulfa Drugs

Overview of Sulfa Drugs

• Also known as sulfanamides.
• Recognizable by the prefix "sulfa".

Mechanism of Action

• Inhibit folic acid production in bacteria.
• Bacteria require folic acid for growth.
• Bacteriostatic: They slow the growth of bacteria rather than killing them.

Side Effects of Sulfa Drugs

• Memorized by the S's of sulfas:
  • Sour Stomach: Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and abdominal tenderness.
  • Sunburn: Photosensitivity; use the memory trick "fear the sun" for medications causing this.
  • Stones: Crystal urea leading to kidney stones; occurs when dehydrated.
  • Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS): Severe skin reaction with red blistering rash and flu-like symptoms. Discontinue medication if symptoms appear.

Patient Education and Diet Modifications

• Increase fluid intake to prevent kidney stones.
• Daily folic acid supplements since sulfa drugs inhibit folic acid synthesis.

Cross-Sensitivity Alerts

• Assess for allergies to:
  • Sulfa drugs.
  • Sulfanurea medications (e.g., Glyburide).
  • Sulfa derivatives, especially diuretics like thiazide and loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide).

Additional Resources

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• Includes a comprehensive video library, interactive worksheets, and practice questions.

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Remember: These notes provide a high-level summary of sulfa drugs, their mechanisms, side effects, patient education, and possible cross-sensitivities. Always consult detailed resources or professionals for more in-depth information.

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