okay welcome back everyone this would be part two of the major or interesting English colonies lecture uh last time we covered a lot of the Chesapeake Bay colonies in terms of Maryland and then we got into a discussion about some of the New England colonies such as Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay uh in this lecture I want to start off by finishing out the settlement of the New England colonies by talking about the small but actually a very important colony and definitely an interesting colony and that colony is of course Rhode Island now the settlement of Rhode Island was more by accident than design and what I mean by that is that the Massachusetts Bay Colony really became a staging area for other New England colonies that ended up being created by people that were dissatisfied with the periods and ways of life and Rhode Island certainly fit that mold Rhode Island was established by exiled colonists from the Massachusetts Bay Colony meaning people that had been kicked out by the leadership of the colony and this map here shows you the location of the Rhode Island colony uh just south of Massachusetts Bay Colony uh right at the mouth of Long Island Sound um the person that established the Rhode Island colony was an exile of the Massachusetts Bay uh Colony he was a Puritan uh and his name was Roger Williams now Roger Williams was one of the original settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony like he came with the first wave of Puritans that established the Massachusetts colony he was also a minister right so he was regarded by many in the Massachusetts Bay Colony as one of the purest of the Puritans right and what made him the purest of the Puritans is if you remember our discussion about puritanism this was a a a a section of the Christian faith that didn't want to break completely or separate completely from the church of England remember the Puritans that established Massachusetts Bay they were more along the lines if they wanted to reform the Church of England from within by establishing a colony creating a model Society so the Puritans that established Massachusetts Bay they weren't separatists uh but Roger Williams was which is kind of why he was the purest of the Puritans uh once the colony was established in Massachusetts Bay and once he realized that England really wasn't paying attention to their adventure and their errands Into the Wilderness uh as a minister in the colony he started to urge separation from the church of England now of course urging separation from the church of England is then going to run counter to what mainstream puritanism in the Massachusetts Bay Colony was all about and when the Puritan Church refused to go along with his uh what was believed to be radical ideas uh he was ultimately denounced um or he denounced the church and then of course the Puritan Church denounced him by exiling him from the Massachusetts Bay Colony uh and he was forced to then leave and he traveled a little further south and established the colony of Rhode Island and we're going to talk about that in just a second but I want to say a few more things about Roger Williams now you may be looking at this picture this is a marble statue of Roger Williams that sits in the United States capital um and the reason I chose this picture of this statue or picture of the Statue of Roger Williams is that every single state uh has is afforded the um privilege of placing within the U.S Capitol to statues of leading individuals from their state's history so you know there's only two statues from every state in the U.S Capitol depicting somebody famous from that state um you got to be pretty important right and one of the people chosen by the state of Rhode Island is of course Roger Williams that's how important he is through this colony and later on to the state now Winthrop really was like the complete opposite I'm sorry Roger Williams was like the complete opposite of John Winthrop right the guy we talked about last time with the Massachusetts Bay Colony Winthrop was very Draconian he was very authoritative um it was either his way or the highway that type of thing but Roger Williams wasn't see Roger Williams was a champion of individual liberty he was a champion of religious freedom and he was a champion of the separation of church and state so when you when you think about John Winthrop and you think about Roger Williams they really could not have been more different than one another uh and a little bit more about Winthrop you know he when he established the colony of Rhode Island uh he understood that there were already people living there of course Native Americans and so he actually studied the language of Native Americans that lived in New England and when it came time for him to when he was exiled and he established the colony of Rhode Island he actually bought the land from them uh to establish this Colony so again Winthrop is just this really nice guy really altruistic guy um now the colony that he established was first established by a small town called Providence this was the first permanent settlement in Rhode Island um and as the colony uh Grew From you know from Province Providence to Encompass smaller settlements and to eventually Encompass an entire Colony the colony was the first of all of the English colonies to allow religious freedom um it was also the first colony to give the right to vote to quote all free inhabitants um meaning everyone that wasn't an indentured servant or a Slave uh and it was from this settlement that Rhode Island became then in the English colonies the most democratic of all of the English colonies in fact uh the colony was governed by heads of households right rather than the church members of The Colony and uh the colony welcomed all people of all faiths anyone that was persecuted uh the only people they really didn't tolerate were atheists so Rhode Island is this really interesting colony because not only is it small geographically but it's it's created by a bunch of people led by Roger Williams that are kicked out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the reason it's an important colony to remember is that the settlement of Rhode Island meant that the ideas of religious freedom right and and the the idea of separation a church and state now these are Hallmarks of the United States social and political structures today and it was within the colony of Rhode Island that these two concepts were first planted in the English colonies now they didn't create these ideas Rhode Island didn't create these ideas of religious freedom or separation of church and state but they were the first colony to plant them in the English colonies and later on you'll see as the revolution in the in the colonies begins to unfold in the 1760s and 1770s these ideas of religious freedom and these ideas of religious tolerance and these ideas of separation of church and state they begin to flourish uh and it's from Rhode Island that they first took root so I think that's why it's worth knowing about the colony of Rhode Island all right we're going to turn our attention now to the middle colonies now the middle colonies you see on this little map here are the colonies there in kind of the pink area we're talking about Pennsylvania new uh uh New Jersey uh Delaware as well as New York now we're not going to talk about all of them we're going to talk about the colony of New York and the colony of Pennsylvania but we're going to start with a really interesting colony of New York similar to the settlement of Rhode Island the history of the colony of New York is also pretty interesting um it's interesting because the colony of New York unlike all the other English colonies wasn't actually established by the English at first and it wasn't even called New York so let me explain the colony of New York was actually established by the Dutch uh in 1609 and they called this colony New Netherlands this map shows you kind of the area in which they established this Colony with really the epicenter being present-day New York City in fact uh New York City uh used to be called New Amsterdam and New Amsterdam as I mentioned was established in 1609 this would kind of be the epicenter of the larger Colony known as New Netherlands now the colony did not remain in the hands of the Dutch very long by 1664 it would become an English colony and I'll explain why and how in just a second but still today in the state of New York and especially in New York City there is still a very heavy Dutch influence in many many ways for example a lot of the names of the streets in New York City and a lot of names of kind of the boroughs of New York City uh draw their names from this Dutch Heritage this Dutch influence for example Wall Street which is the epicenter of the United States Financial District right uh it's in in Dutch it's pronounced Vol right and the reason it was called Wall Street is that was literally a the wall of a fort uh in this initial settlement of New Amsterdam and then Broadway right Broadway which is where you can go to New York City and see all the great the uh theatrical shows and musicals uh in Dutch it's known as broodway right and it's this Broad Avenue right through the middle of this map you see here uh so in New York City there's still a lot of this Dutch Heritage this Dutch influence uh and there's even still a heavy Dutch influence over the Affairs of New York a lot of the most wealthiest families in the state of New York draw their Heritage back to the Dutch families that established in the Dutch uh settlers that established uh the colony of New Amsterdam which later became New York it's kind of one of the unkept secrets like a lot of the money in New York um old money uh is from Dutch families you know like the Van Buren's right the Roosevelts right these are all Dutch names [Music] um and so you still see a lot of this heavy Dutch influence in New York especially in New York City now the colony as I mentioned did not remain in the hands of uh the Dutch that long uh In 1664 everything changed for the colony In 1664 King Charles II ordered the Royal Navy to go and uh take New Amsterdam and the reason King Charles II did this is that New Amsterdam began to establish itself as a fairly thriving agricultural Community is also as well as a trading Outpost and so economically speaking whoever possessed this uh this colony and larger colony of New Amsterdam uh still to make a lot of money and so King Charles ordered the Royal Navy to go and seize New Amsterdam and on August 27 1664 uh that's exactly what the British military did uh They seized New Amsterdam and thereby then seized the larger colony of New Netherlands uh largely without any conflict um the people that had the settlers in the terror or in the colony uh were more than willing to allow the English to take over because the English were not going to be um they were not going to treat them differently they were going to pretty much just let them continue as they were only now England's going to reap the financial and economic benefits of it now when the capture of New Amsterdam occurred King Charles II gave the New Colony to his brother uh and his brothers uh his brother was known as James Stewart now James Stewart uh his title of nobility at the time was the Duke of York and so when James Stewart King Charles's brother took over the colony they renamed the colony in honor of his title uh and that's how the colony of New York was established was was named now later on uh James Stewart became king he became King James II but at the time when he owned the colony this ended up being a proprietary colony until his extension to the throne uh at that point it became a royal colony now the colony from its Inception thrived uh it thrived economically it thrived socially um the colony was very open it was very Democratic the English were not you know hostile towards the original Dutch settlers um King Charles II and later his brother really didn't pay much attention to the Colony they didn't really Institute a lot of strict laws in terms of religion or anything like that so a lot of people then started to migrate to the New York colony because of how open and Democratic it was and this caused the colony of New York to grow very rapidly which of course increased its economic Prosperity um and uh increases in its influence now the colony's economy was really centered around three staple things and the first was ship building uh the colony of New York made great use of the abundance of Natural Resources in terms of lumber trees in the area to build some of the best ships in the British Empire uh well English Empire at this time and so shipbuilding was a major um commercial attraction for the colony and employed a lot of people and made a lot of people a lot of money but if we're of course engaging in shipbuilding then that also then meant that the colony had a thriving Lumber industry right because you're not going to be able to build ships without a thriving Lumber industry in the lumber industry in the New York colony was very very lucrative and then the last thing that kind of made the colony economically prosperous and put a lot of people to work were the people that eventually moved kind of into upper uh state New York and onto and into Western New York uh these were of course Farmers they were obtaining a lot of land out there and they began to grow a crop that uh was high uh High concentration of carbohydrates which was very sought after this would be a great source of energy for a lot of people and that of course was the commodity of wheat wheat production was kind of the third pillar of the New York colony economy which uh was built upon of course shipbuilding the lumber industry but also wheat production so the settlement of the New England of the New York colony uh it's it's worth knowing because New York ends up becoming by the time of the Revolution one of the most prosperous economically uh and as a result one of the more influential of all of the New York colonies and that was largely the result of its uh its abundance of Natural Resources um the location of what used to be New Amsterdam which is now New York City being a deep water Port you have a lot of good trade going on here um and and with that economic uh Prosperity will will come influence and and by the time of the Revolution New York was going to be supplying some of the more significant and influential leaders of the American Revolution people like uh um Alexander Hamilton uh people like John uh arms uh George Clinton uh so there's going to be a lot of leaders that are coming out of the New York colony and so knowing its settlement knowing its history I think is a worthwhile endeavor all right we're going to turn our attention to the second of the middle colonies and this is going to be the colony of Pennsylvania now similar to the colony of New York the Pennsylvania colony was also very significant very influential by the time of the American Revolution in the 1770s um but the area that came to Encompass the Pennsylvania colony this is what it looked like on the map it's this area in red here now this area of uh North America was a piece of land that was actually owned uh from the very beginning of these colonies it was owned by the king of England which at the time is of course the the Monarch we've been discussing a few times already King Charles II now King Charles II uh like most English monarchs at this time uh always had to kind of rely on uh generous contributions uh from loyal subjects uh during times of War uh and this is going to result in a lot of the English monarchs and becoming indebted to a lot of the English aristocracy and this of course by proxy then gave a lot of the English aristocracy a lot of influence then over the monarchs this is weird power sharing thing that goes on in England well King Charles II uh you know he racks up a lot of debt because England's always at War during this time and one of the people he had a lot ow owed a lot of money to uh was an admiral in the Royal Navy and this gentleman's name that he owed a lot of money to was named Sir William Penn uh now Sir William Penn the person you see here on the screen this is not the gentleman who settles The Colony this is the person that King Charles II owed a lot of money to and to repay him for these debts gave Sir William Penn that enormous tract of land that I showed you on the map earlier that became known as Pennsylvania now Sir William Penn had plans for this land he hopes to establish a colony there for economic reasons similar to what we've already seen with a lot of these colonies however he never got the chance to do this um because he passed away before he could make any attempt to actually settle this land in the new uh in North America when he died that land and the ownership of that land then passed to his son William Penn Jr he will be the one that establishes the colony of Pennsylvania now I just want to talk a little bit about William Penn because he's an interesting person uh he's a highly educated person and he's you know he's born into a really wealthy family and he kind of had a domineering controlling dad uh who wanted him to follow in the same footsteps as him he wanted him he wanted his son to uh you know possibly join the military to make something of himself build character he definitely wanted his son to be an economic success but of course as is so often the case whenever overbearing parents want their kids to be exactly the way they want them to be he becomes kind of a black sheep um in fact he spurns his father's wishes to really following his Father's Footsteps and he ran off to Ireland at one point uh where he fell into almost like a hippie commune but he fell in with a group of religious zealots in Ireland that were known as the Society of Friends now if you're unfamiliar with the Society of friends let's talk about them just a little bit they were also known as the Quakers and the reason they were known as the Quakers is uh you know they during their release okay first let me back up the society friends is uh like a really radical Fringe of Christianity um and they were a very strange lot uh let me tell you they dressed in real drab colors some of them even dressed in rags uh they allowed women to occupy positions of leadership within their Church uh congregations uh one of the defining characteristics of them is that they were pacifists uh right some of them walked around Barefoot because they said Jesus walked around Barefoot they should too and some of them even walked around naked and smeared feces on themselves to demonstrate that their uh to demonstrate their primitive commitment to Christ but the reason they were known as Quakers and they didn't call themselves Quakers they called themselves the Society of Friends and and when they talk to each other they say how are you today friend oh I'm just fine friend they're a strange lot like I mentioned but the reason they were called to Quakers is that during their religious ceremonies and religious gatherings um they would sometimes be so overcome uh by uh a sermon or you know whatever and they would fall on the ground and roll around and shake and so people that witnessed these things they call them well those they're they're the Quakers so it's kind of a derogatory term but it was this group that William Penn uh fell into in Ireland and when he acquired uh inherited uh this land uh in North America from his father uh he actually decided to use that land uh to establish a safe haven for the Quakers now why do we need to establish a safe haven well you can imagine a group like the Quakers uh were a fairly picked on group uh in England and in Ireland at other places uh yeah they were a fairly persecuted people uh people just thought they were strange they were weird but one of the things that really angered people about the Society of Friends is that and this is a defining characteristic of them is that they were pacifists right they refused to take part in any military conflict that England was involved in now when you refuse to go fight uh in any conflict that the uh that the English become involved in you're going to be labeled a coward uh by many you're going to be picked on for that but in some ways you're almost borderline committing treason by refusing to obey the King right so for all of these reasons the Quakers were heavily persecuted and heavily picked on and what William Penn wanted to do then is he wanted to use the land that he inherited from his father to create in the new world a safe haven for his well like I said kind of a the crazy bunch of people um now I mentioned that he was heavily educated or Highly Educated right he was so highly educated uh that he actually wrote a constitution for this Colony wrote it himself and the name of that Constitution was referred to as the frame of government and I just want to say a few words about this constitution is that this constitution created in Pennsylvania and Incredibly open and Democratic Society that really welcomed anyone who wanted to come it had absolutely no restrictions on who could come into the colony uh and it had very few restrictions on who could vote right and who could be a member of the government there um and even when it came to Indian relations in the area William Penn and the colony uh developed a very peaceful relationship with Native Americans it lasted over 50 years um as the colony expanded as more people came instead of taking land from Native Americans further west they purchased this these lands and the titles from these Native Americans so it's a it's a it's a colony that's established for religious reasons but it's a colony that was established in order to provide a safe haven for the Quakers but because it was so open and because it was so democratic a lot of people began coming into the colony where you were very quickly going to see the rise of the villages everywhere and some of these Villages became very large for example the city of Philadelphia um which was right along the Delaware River and was a deep water Port economically speaking this was a place that could be exploited and so because it was so open because it was so Democratic a lot of people came and as a lot of people came you began to see economic Prosperity as these settlers began to exploit the natural resources and the geography of the colony so let's talk for a second about what made this Colony so economically successful because the economic success of the Pennsylvania colony helps lead into an understanding of how the Pennsylvania colony became so influential by the time of the American Revolution and similar to the state of or to the colony of New York wheat production was very lucrative in Pennsylvania you know these two colonies are very close to one another so the the climate the terrain it's all going to be very similar so if reproduction is thriving in New York colony it's probably going to thrive out in Western Pennsylvania as well and of course it did uh wheat production was a big big economic uh uh success in The Colony but unlike New York probably the biggest export of the biggest commodity that was produced in the Pennsylvania colony was produced from that wheat and of course what I'm referring to this flower um in the in the state of Penn or in the colony of Pennsylvania had a lot of rivers a lot of streams that you could harness that flowing water to turn a grind to turn a grinder on a millstone which would Mass produce flour and of course with flour you could make all sorts of great things right uh so in terms of the economy of the Pennsylvania colony it was really centered around reproduction and later on flour and you can go all over Pennsylvania they see these Old Grist Mills such as this one uh near Millbridge Millbridge Village in Pennsylvania uh really great places but I mean they've been doing this going all the way back to the 1680s so that's what made the colony economically successful and that's kind of the history of the colony now the settlement of the Pennsylvania colony is worth knowing because of course its population grew which meant the economy was going to grow and it was going to become economically prosperous it was going to become a thriving colony and by the time of the American Revolution it ranked right up there right with New York colony Massachusetts Bay Colony and even the Virginia colony in terms of wealth power and influence and as a result it's not a coincidence then that we saw a lot of the leadership of the American Revolution come out of that Pennsylvania colony and no one was more important than Benjamin Franklin so that'll conclude our discussion on the middle colonies and we're going to finish up here by looking at the settlement of a couple of the southern colonies uh the Carolinas and Georgia now in the southern colonies is where you would see the implementation and the flourishing of uh slavery uh as well as what we'll call here in a second the plantation system the plantation culture and nowhere was that more apparent than in the settlement of the Carolinas which would eventually become the colonies of South and North Carolina which would eventually become the states of South Carolina and North Carolina but let's talk about the history real quick of the Carolinas now the area of the Carolinas was originally owned by the king of England which as you can guess it it is King Charles II uh King Charles II owned a lot of land obviously in the uh in English North America and as a way to reward those that were loyal to him you know he's always giving it away as a way to pay debts he's always giving this land away we saw that right with the Pennsylvania colony well in 166 63 King Charles II took this piece of land which was known as Carolina and he granted this land to eight prominent Englishmen who had supported his restoration to the throne of England um now let me explain King Charles II was of course the son of King Charles the first the guy that was overthrown in the English Civil Wars and then beheaded and after the interregnum in English History the restoration of the monarchy uh took place and that meant bringing King Charles II uh back and placing him on the throne and you know that was controversial in England and a lot of people were against it but those that supported it stood to gain economically once King Charles II was installed on the throne and as a way to reward the people that had supported his restoration King Charles II granted this huge piece of land to eight prominent supporters of his now these eight men which we don't care their names these eight individuals in an attempt to settle this new land given to them they began recruiting wealthy Englishmen that were already living and thriving economically on the English colony island of Barbados and what these eight Englishmen were doing is they were recruiting other wealthy Englishmen in Barbados to expand their economic operations onto the mainland of North America into this area known as the Carolinas now let's talk for a second about what they were doing on Barbados because what was happening on Barbados will literally just be transplanted by these Englishmen into the Carolinas and on the island of Barbados what was happening is a economic system uh that was designed to exploit the natural resources of an area as well as the labor force of an area was being developed and this uh economic system that was being created and developed on the island of Barbados it's known as the plantation system or the plantation economy and what the plantation economy is is it's it's a it's an entire economic system that that just takes a huge piece of land and exploits it uh on a plantation you have you know an owner they live in a big house and then generally on a plantation economy you're going to have uh upwards of hundreds of slaves generally uh and so you'll have slave quarters working and you'll have the fields and it's really just like this entire self-running operation uh and this plantation economy had been developed on the island of Barbados and what these owners of the Carolina land in North America are wanting is to Simply transplant this on the mainland and so most of this expansion of the plantation economy was going to take part in the southern lands of that Carolina uh and the thing that they began growing on the southern areas of that Carolinas in what will become South Carolina of course uh was rice initially rice became a huge source of profit um in the Carolinas as the plantation economy took root there um and very quickly as rice became so profitable that plantation economy quickly developed into an entirely slave-based Society of large plantations where you were going to have um the estate owners right the plantation owners and there weren't that many of them because these plantations are huge pieces of property right uh but they would be uh they they had you know hundreds of slaves living on these plantations and you have been created this entirely um slave-based society which was like a caste system right slaves on the bottom and these slaves were going to all be african-americ they were all going to be Africans um and and then on top of course the English white Englishman uh and this slave-based society that was transplanted from Barbados onto the mainland it's gonna Thrive here in the Carolinas all the way up until the American Civil War so in the southern part of the Carolinas they focused most uh exclusively on Rice initially later on it'll be sugar and then it'll be cotton but we'll talk about that at a later date now what did they do in the northern part of the Carolinas well in the northern part of the Carolina area they mostly grew small tobacco or I'm sorry not small they they had small tobacco Farms and tobacco we kind of came to the huge cash crop there uh in the northern part of the Carolinas and if you know anything about North Carolina history uh tobacco is a is a staple of it and began during this colonial era but one other thing that made uh the northern part of the Carolinas profitable was yellow pine yellow pine was also a great source of profit not just in the north but in other areas of the in the southern Carolinas as well and the reason yellow pine was so profitable is that you this Pine was really really dense right really really hard and so they used it uh to build ships uh which would make a lot of money but the other thing is they they would take this yellow pine and the resin right that is secreted from the yellow pine they would take it uh Harvest it boil it down and they would make it into tar and that tar is what they would use to kind of fill the gaps of ships and use for other things so if you're familiar with North Carolina's history the University of North Carolina's uh um mascot is called the Tar Heels because the settlers in the northern part of the Carolinas that engaged in this yellow pine production and boiling down the resin that was their nickname they were known as Tar Heels so you learned a little something there now there was a constitution that governed the Carolinas which was adopted in 1669 and it was called the fundamental constitutions of Carolina uh I want to talk just a little bit about this uh Constitution because it's an interesting one number one foreign it was written by this gentleman here this is Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper he was one of those eight Proprietors one of those eight wealthy English people that were given the Carolinas uh and when he wrote this constitution he did so under the heavy influence of a political philosopher that lived well before him by the name of you guessed it John Locke uh and so when he wrote this Constitution and he was being influenced by the uh philosophy the political philosophy of this incredible thinker known as John Locke in this constitution uh large amounts of land would be awarded to prominent Englishmen but also it gave land to any immigrant who would pay for their passage to come over to the Carolinas as well as in this constitution it granted religious toleration right and the religious freedom in The Colony and as a result of this kind of openness uh for Anglo uh uh for anglos coming to the Colony uh this was an attractive place to go land was in great abundance I mean you can see this map it is a huge piece of land land was in great abundance uh there are cash crops here to grow and partake in and so a lot of people came and a lot of people flourished as a result of not just the natural resources but because of this Constitution that Cooper had written now students always ask well when when did The Colony break into two well that happened in 1712. uh in 1712 is when the colony broke into South Carolina and North Carolina colonies um so that's the settlement of the Carolinas um we're going to finish Now by looking at the last of our southern colonies and that's going to be the colony of Georgia so you might be asking yourself why are we going to talk about Georgia Georgia seems like an insignificant Colony uh uh it's not a major Colony but it's an interesting colony uh see if you can spot the interestingness of this um the history of the settlement of Georgia is also is very different than a lot of the reasons when it was why it was established and even when it was established you can see that the colony wasn't established until 1733 which is much much later than a lot of these colonies we've already been talking about now the history of the colony begins in 1733 with the monarch of England at that time and it's not King Charles II by 1733 the English monarch was King George II um now King George II inherited all the lands of England of English North America that the the previous monarchs had as well and one of these pieces of lands was an area just south of the Carolinas uh that was known as um uh Georgia it was named in his honor and this map shows you where that area is it's really the area between the Savannah River uh I forget the name of the the other River now uh this piece of land was given by King George II to a group of 22 wealthy English trustees and this group of 22 wealthy Englishmen were LED by this gentleman here this is James Oglethorpe now James Oglethorpe and his group of uh 22 wealthy Englishmen they were what we call a philanthropy group now if you understood you don't know what a philanthropy is or a philanthropist is uh the this is a group or a person that is very charitable right that wants to take care of their fellow human beings and help in many ways um they're good people good-hearted people that want uh people to be content to be happy and of course survive uh and what Oglethorpe and his group of wealthy English philanthropists wanted to do with this new land that was given to them by King George II is they wanted the colony to they wanted to establish a colony to act as kind of like a social experiment uh and what I mean by that is that they they wanted to create in the North American colonies where poor Englishmen refugees from other countries could go and remake themselves uh become economically prosperous and and and live a good life uh you see I mean they're just good people right uh and one more thing to illustrate just how good a people they are they even brought the Native Americans that lived on this land over to England and negotiated the purchase of this land from them uh again these are just good-hearted people uh they're altruistic people but they're also kind of dreamy and idealistic because the colony they created they believed they could socially engineer to help these refugees that will come there these poor Englishmen that will come there to kind of help them become good citizens of the world so they did things like uh Banning liquor right they ban the slavery uh they even banned lawyers which wasn't a horrible idea if you ask me um and they even forged of course a strong relationship with Native Americans uh they Limited of land that somebody could own to 500 acres per household now you may ask why did they do that well the reason they did that is they didn't want the concentration of land to fall into the hands of a few people because with that concentration of land would come a concentration of wealth and power and they didn't want that to happen so you see they established this colony to to kind of act as a social experiment to see if they could socially engineer um downtrodden people to become economically prosperous right now did it work well heck no it didn't work and that should be a lesson to everybody right when you have these dreamy and idealistic ideas and you discount and ignore Human Nature oftentimes your best laid plans are going to fail and this society that Oglethorpe and his philanthropy group established in the Carolinas quickly collapsed uh and it collapsed because the colonies struggled to find any source of economic profit remember you can't no slavery's allowed here right um and so when it struggled to find an economic source of profit then they started to kind of relax on some of the regulations and before you know it the colony became flooded with liquor most notably rum uh because people were you were growing sugar cane there and uh then making it into molasses which they were then cultivating into rum uh and that was previously banned but as they relaxed the restrictions on it then everybody starts making rum and you know that caused a lot of societal problems but probably the worst thing that happened is to cause the collapse of this initial colony was uh the regulations against slavery uh were first of course disregarded people just ignored it and then eventually just abandoned and wasn't enough happening in the colony of Georgia is exactly what began to happen in the Carolinas the plantation economy set in right large-scale plantations hundreds of slaves growing a staple crop uh first it'll be sugar it'll be a little bit of a rise later on it'll be cotton right so the whole thing just collapsed into exactly the type of thing that Oglethorpe and his group are trying to avoid and by 1754 uh by 1754 the colony was in such bad shape uh such a a horrible State of Affairs that the king of England just simply took back over the colony uh and the plantation economy began to really take root at that time and of course then flourish uh By the time of the American Revolution all right so that concludes part two of these interesting or uh major English colonies um I hope you enjoyed it