Overview
This lecture explores the mythological origins, psychological definitions, types, causes, and consequences of narcissism, including narcissistic personality disorder.
Mythological Origins of Narcissism
- The myth of Narcissus describes a man who fell in love with his own reflection and died, giving rise to the Narcissus flower.
- This story illustrates the concept of excessive self-involvement or narcissism.
Psychological Definition and Types
- Narcissism is defined as an inflated, grandiose self-image by psychologists.
- Narcissists believe they are better looking, smarter, and more important than others, deserving special treatment.
- There are two main types of narcissism:
- Grandiose narcissism: characterized by extroversion, dominance, and attention-seeking behavior.
- Vulnerable narcissism: characterized by introversion, entitlement, and sensitivity to criticism.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)
- NPD is an extreme form of narcissism, affecting 1–2% of the population, more common in men.
- The diagnosis is reserved for adults, as self-centeredness in children can be normal.
- Traits include grandiosity, lack of empathy, entitlement, and a need for admiration.
- NPD traits cause significant problems in relationships, work, and self-improvement.
Causes and Cultural Factors
- Narcissism has a strong genetic component, though specific genes are unknown.
- Parenting styles affect narcissism: pedestal parenting can foster grandiose narcissism; cold parenting can foster vulnerable narcissism.
- Cultures valuing individuality and self-promotion have higher rates of narcissism.
- Social media increases opportunities for self-promotion but is not proven to cause narcissism.
Consequences and Treatment
- Narcissists often act selfishly, leading to risky or unethical decisions and relational problems.
- When challenged, narcissists can become resentful or aggressive.
- Self-reflection and compassion, often through psychotherapy, can help narcissists improve, but sustained effort is challenging.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Narcissism — excessive self-involvement and inflated self-image.
- Grandiose narcissism — narcissism marked by extroversion and attention-seeking.
- Vulnerable narcissism — narcissism marked by introversion and sensitivity.
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) — a diagnosable psychological disorder involving extreme narcissistic traits.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review types of narcissism and their characteristics.
- Understand the diagnostic criteria for narcissistic personality disorder.
- Prepare for questions on genetic, environmental, and cultural causes of narcissism.