[Music] so here we see some terminology that uh you may want to be familiar with so here we see blunted propeller and when you look at what a blunted propeller looks like basically what we're looking at is that the papilla is um gone and it's flat planted kind of means flat so the propeller is gone and it's flat as we see here so here is an example of blunted papala see how the papala is supposed to take um or be like in this area over here and the propeller has receded or is flat this is an example of a blunted apollo [Music] let's look at papillas only okay so we started with blunted papilla and we were saying propeller were referring to the area in between the mouth another thing that could happen is someone could have a bulbous propeller and a bulbous papilla basically means that the papilla is so inflamed is so bulbous that is sticking out so let's look at this picture here if you look at the papilla see how it's bulbous here's another picture it's protruding outward it's protruding outwards so this is an example of a bulbous propeller we can also have cratered capella and if you look at a picture of a created propeller it just means that there's a little dip in the papilla right in here a little dip and that dip is known as a crater so sometimes our propellers could be cratered and sometimes we could have um so sometimes we can have saddle shaped areas where the gum is completely missing or sorry the tooth rather is completely missing excuse me there's no and so this area is known as saddle shape these areas over here are known as saddle shapes basically where we have missing teeth the last thing that i want to point out is something called with a normal limit propeller or knife edge or pointed papala and that's this example over here so if you look at the propeller i'm looking at properly ignore this word over here the papilla is nice and um pointed is within normal limits and knife edge is nice and pointed nice and snug nice and tight so this propeller is considered normal or is considered within normal limits could be considered knife edge there are they all mean the same thing the last thing that i want to point out to you is sometimes you could have a rounded propeller so these are examples of a rounded pillar so bulbas caprila looks like this what is really really inflamed when it's protruding outward but when you don't have that protrusion you can say that this type of papilla is now rounded and it's rounded because it's not necessarily protruding so much but it's lost its peak so it's supposed to be nice and snug supposed to look something like um see here it's supposed to look like this it's supposed to be nice and snug against the tube and it's supposed to have this nice peak but when it loses that peak when it loses the peak over here the triangle or the peak at the top and it becomes round that's what we call rounded rounded gums okay so we can say that this area is rounded so this is an example of a rounded so now that we've looked at all the papilla blunted bulbus cratered sometimes we can have saddle shape where there are there's areas of missing teeth and sometimes we could have within normal limit which is healthy and sometimes you could have rounded where it's losing its peak let's look at the margins now so when we're looking at the margins what we're looking at is not the propeller so that a lot of the area in between the teeth when we're looking at margins we're literally looking at the margin the gingival margin area that is outlined over here and so some things that we can see with the margins it could be rolled let's look at an example of roll here's an example of road margins now if you look really really close here let me zoom in here so that we can see better here we see rolled gums do you see a um that brief outline over here it's kind of like an uh an upside down view actually maybe i can cut it over here this this outline here you can really see it over here it's like a u that's just um surrounding the tooth over here that is considered rolled i can also see it over here the more you look at pictures the more the more mouths you see the more it will make more sense to you how ruler comes is just literally like an outline like a u outline um around the gums and so this is exactly an example of um rolled gums and roller gums people might think well gums is diseased not necessarily road gums could definitely be healthy here's an example of a healthy mouth and we see healthy rolled gums which is completely normal another thing that could happen is festoons and festoon as a protrusion like an excess of gums that you see protruding outside and it's protruding um on the gingival margin some people call it like a lifesaver because it looks like um a round thing i can't show you a picture it might make more sense it looks like well this is severe festooning but you can see there's inflammation over here so here's an example of a student and it's like a lifesaver around it too um some people can call it a donut that's just wrapped around the tooth or even in the lingual side as well and so this is an example of a festoon margin it was definitely festoon margin so again i'm not looking at the propeller the propeller is bulbous what i'm looking at right now is the margin the margin is festooned so we could have rolled margins we could have festooned margins we could have cleft margins and clutches basically do you see this notch that you see that's going down the margin that is another um thing we can see in people who might have periodontitis so we see a notch and that notch is known as a clutch okay so these are clubs that we can see and these clubs are also something we can see um when we're looking inside people's mouth and sometimes we might not even see roll gum sometimes you just might see flat gums with no pronounce you at the bottom no rolling at the bottom and that is also considered normal as well so sometimes you can see healthy rolled gums sometimes we can also see gums that are rolled but not necessarily healthy so again you can have healthy rolled gums or you could have diseased roll gums as well