Hi, I'm Danielle and this video is about the most important terms in anatomy. You will learn about anatomical position, the different planes, positional terms, and body regions. Let's start with the anatomical position. To ensure that everyone in healthcare is talking about the same thing, the anatomical position of the body was devised: In this position, someone stands upright, facing forward, with the arms at the side with the palms facing forward. The legs are straight under the body with the feet slightly apart. From here we can then indicate where something is located: for this we use anatomical planes, positional terms and body areas. The anatomical planes are: sagittal, coronal and transverse. Sagittal divides the body into a left and right part, and therefore runs here or here or here. A special example of a sagittal plane runs exactly in the middle. This is the plane we use most, namely the median plane. Whereby indicating left and right becomes very easy: Everything to the left of the median plane is called left (left arm, left leg, left half of the abdomen, left eye, etc.) and everything to the right of the median plane is called right (2 sec). We can also use this plane to indicate whether it is close to or far from the centerline. We do this with the positional terms medial and lateral. Medial means close to the middle, for example the heart is medial to the upper arm. Lateral means further from the center, so the upper arm is lateral to the heart. We can then further divide the body into the Coronal plane, or the division into front and back, which in medicine is called ventral and dorsal (we will discuss such terms later). For example, the vertebral column lies dorsal to the sternum. The third and final important plane is Transverse, or the division into above and below, what in medicine we call cranial and caudal. Cranium means skull, so cranial literally means 'towards the skull', and caudal means 'towards the tail', but since we don't have that anymore, 'towards the feet' might be a better translation. For example, you could say that the skull is located cranial to the shoulder blades, and the shoulder blades are located caudal to the skull . Those were the anatomical planes, but as you have already heard, they are closely related to the positional terms. Actually, you've already heard them: right, left – medial – lateral – ventral – dorsal – cranial – caudal. In Latin, right and left are called dexter and sinister, so I'll list them here , with the meaning being right and left. Medial and lateral to indicate how far something is from the midline, ventral and dorsal to indicate whether something is in front or behind, and cranial and caudal to indicate whether something is above or below. There are only 2 more that we haven't discussed yet: proximal and distal. These are used in the limbs. Proximal means towards the point of attachment (axilla, groin) and distal means towards the end (fingers, toes), for example the femur is proximal to the tibia. To add to the confusion and throw in some more tricky terms, there are some positional terms that mean the same as the ones we've already discussed: anterior means the same as ventral, posterior means the same as dorsal, superior means the same as cranial, and inferior means the same as caudal. I will now quickly add the examples I've already given to the table, so you have a nice overview. [3sec]. Phew, what a lot of information, but I promise that if you know these terms, you will understand a lot more about what is written in the electronic patient file (EPD). Then I would like to go through the body areas with you . When describing pain, complaints and symptoms, we do not say ‘in the armpit’, but axillary. You just have to know that axillar means armpit, right? I would like to discuss these kinds of terms with you now . It's a bit of cramming, but you'll enjoy it a lot during the rest of your studies, your internships, and later at work! Let's name the areas from top to bottom - cephalic or head - frontal or forehead - orbital or eye cavity - nasal nasal cavity - oral oral cavity - cervical neck - thoracic chest - sternal sternum - umbilical chest - axillary armpit - brachial arm - carpal wrist - digital fingers - abdominal abdomen - umbilical navel - inguinal groin - pubic or genital region - femoral thigh - patellar kneecap - crural lower leg - tarsal ankle - pedal foot - digital toe - hallux big toe And then the back: - occipital back of the head - vertebral spine - lumbar lower back - gluteal buttocks - sacral just above the buttocks, at the sacrum (t sacrum) - perineal between anus and genitals - popliteal popliteal fossa - calcaneal heel - plantar sole of the foot The abdomen is the very last thing I will show you. When people have stomach pain, it is very important to know exactly where the stomach pain is located. Abdominal pain in the upper left part of the abdomen can be a completely different illness than in the lower right part. That is why we have divided the abdomen into 9 compartments, so that we can describe very precisely where the pain is. These 9 regions are: - regio epigastrica, regio umbilicalis, regio hypogastrica, and the regions hypchondriaca right and left, regio abdominalis lateralis right and left, and the region fossa iliaca right and left. It 's a whole lot of new terms. Take a screenshot and make them your own, that's the way to understand what everyone is talking about in your further studies, internships and ultimately work . Once you know the words, at some point you will start to see connections. I'll give you an example of the term Femoral that you just learned, meaning upper leg: the bone that runs there is called the femur, the blood vessel that runs there is called the femoral artery, the nerve is called the femoral nerve, and if you break the bone there, it's called a femur fracture. So that's what I mean, those similarities between those words. Once you know these words , it becomes much easier to make connections and understand the human body. Very nice for your grades, very nice for your own knowledge and very nice for all your patients later on . It's an investment, but I promise it'll be worth it! Good luck with these words and if you have any questions, please leave a comment below. And I'm also very curious about what you thought of this video? I'd love to hear it below! Thanks for watching.