Understanding Servers

What is a Server?

• Definition: A dedicated computer providing services to clients (desktop computers/workstations).
• Connection: Clients connect to a server over the internet or in a local area network (LAN).
• Services Provided: Retrieving websites, accessing data, email, etc.

Types of Server Setups

• Dedicated Servers:
  • Larger organizations typically use dedicated servers for specific services (e.g., one for websites, one for data storage, one for email).
• Multi-Service Servers:
  • Smaller organizations might set up one server to handle multiple services.
• Choice of Setup: Depends on the organization's needs.

Concept of a Server

• General Perception: Usually seen as a powerful centralized computer.
• Role-Based Definition: Any ordinary computer can act as a server based on the role it takes, not necessarily its hardware.
  • Example: A home network can use a desktop as a file or web server.
• Limitations of Desktops: Not designed to handle high workloads or many connections, both due to hardware and desktop OS limitations.

Importance of Server Reliability

• 24/7 Operation: Servers need to run continuously without downtime.
• Critical to Organizations: Downtime can jeopardize business operations.

Server Hardware

• Processor:
  • Desktop: Intel Core Series.
  • Server: Intel Xeon Series.
    • Supports multiple processors on one motherboard.
    • Supports ECC RAM (Error Code Correcting Memory).
• Memory:
  • ECC RAM: Detects and corrects memory errors (crucial for servers to avoid crashes).
  • Larger RAM support, larger cache memory, higher core count.
• Storage:
  • Hard drives should be hot-swappable in a RAID configuration to prevent data loss and ensure continuous operation.
• Power Supply: Redundant power supplies to maintain operation during power supply failures.

Server Operating Systems

• Examples include Linux, Windows Server, Mac OS Server.
• Designed for stability, non-stop operation, and handling thousands of connections.

Types of Servers (Based on Service)

• Web Server: Hosts websites, containing all website data and running web server software.
• Email Server: Manages sending/receiving emails using email protocols (IMAP, POP, SMTP).
• Database Server: Stores backend data and processes queries (e.g., SQL).

Conclusion

• Servers are crucial components in the computing world, varying greatly in setup and function based on needs.
• Thank you for learning about servers and their differentiation from desktop computers.

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