okay so Frank Lou Ted the head so now will well briefly talk about what we talked a little bit last time we're talking about the basic functioning of the nervous system a little bit again before we dive into all these structures when it comes to the brain there's brain is a really complicated thing as you've maybe noticed yourself there's a lot going on in there with emotions and then having the boat places getting ovary and all kind of stuff and you know a lot about it I'm sure that we don't know as much as we know for example of the heart and so when we comes to the brain and he talked a lot about this structure is mostly sort of involved for that function and this structure for that function know that this is called that it's a little bit harder to get all the points connected in terms of this relates to this this way and back this way and this is why that is so some of the information seems a little erratic but and the little just labeling what is what but we'll try to make a story out of it that makes as much sense as possible so the basic function again of the nervous system is that we have information going from a receptor in to the brain or spinal cord that's the sensory information that's a sensory stimuli we also call that the eighth parent a parent starts with an A as in a sending starts with an A that's how I remember that and adding the CNS in the brain and the spinal cord the central nervous system we integrate that information and as a motor output also known as efferent is an E and I but that has exit to the central nervous system that's how I remember that and then their output goes back so information goes in and any information goes back out to an effector organ is a muscle here Tomaso or it's an honor for it's a gland and it has its effect on them so basically the brain becomes the computer that makes decisions and figures out what we need to do about the input that we're getting and the input receptors the input sites are either on the outside or also on the inside of the body they check a whole bunch of stuff they give us information about oh look at that that's a person sitting there so I can see but also they tell us how much my Kausar is in my blood so don't the same fundamental way well then the other thing we talked about on this whenever the most moment more detail was stuff nervous system is divided into that central part the CNS that's that brain and the spinal cord and then the peripheral part that's that pns and that's the nerves which are essentially bundles of axons bundles of axons know that I came up with this tape I didn't make this but I thought it was really cool and it looks very scary it's like big woman but so that that's when I see this and I go like oh no but then I have to look at it and then it starts being really cool well I okay anyway this is great you see that spray and that's not great what's that brown something like that this is the central nervous system so everything here is the brain and the spinal cord so here you have this orange dot that's the anatomy we just talked about that but it's all in one page here what does thin air what does the brain in the spinal cord do they integrate they integrate information bless you and they control whatever goes on the body remember has control systems in the body we have both the endocrine system that we talked about a couple of last Wednesday believe and we have the nervous system the endocrine system is here to help us modify functions in the body that are ongoing functions like growing like reproduction like usage of metabolism like useage of the sugar in the body making energy they're slow they don't have to be reactive to real fast and the nervous system is here to control functions that have to be quite fast like you have to react when it's swerving car comes at you or stuff like that and so but also autonomic things like heart rate you know how fast is my heartbeat go or how deep - any debris so that kind of stuff is also has to be happening quite fast all right so that's the central nervous system that's integration and control and then down here this whole thing everything else is peripheral nervous system or pianist and that's the spinal as well as the cranial nerves in terms of the anatomy I want to stat mean that means when you don't have my spinal cord when you know you look at the thing coming down out here the spinal cord is out here there's a spinal cord coming up this is a break these things that comment out on the side here they become nerves that then go out to the spine on the back the backbone the spine and go into the body some go to the front and some go to the back into the lens then they go to all the organs from there and so spinal nerves are those nerves that come out below here and called 12 all the bodies every node in the body and the cranial nerves the cranial nerves are the ones that come out of the head they actually come out when you look at the brainstem these things here these are cranial nerves these things are coming out on the side these are perennial herbs right here on the side these are premium rooms if they come out in the head or in the brain become granulars if they come out below the brain and spinal cord we call them spinal nerves and those create the communication cages information in from the effectors in as in sensory and they've integrated and there we go information back out and that's in motor and that's exactly what we have here we have motor on one side that's motor right here and then we have sensory on the other side and that sensory right here will do the sensor first it's only one little thing sensory is made up for they call your somatic more terms and visceral sensory nerve fibers when you see the term somatic somatic you're thinking muscles and bones stuff the body so money in spa so mommies bodies there's not that I'm also relaxed fulfilled but that means to stuff we can basically see you in this under the skin and that's muscle and bones stuff so that's so mat visceral the things to know that means Gupt so visceral that's more the god that's more water than eternal God it means internal organs organs so it's all the stuff through the organs in the heart and all that is the visceral so there's receptors picking up stuff from the soma and so from the visceral so that or receptors then transduces and nerve fibers carrying any information then up into the brain so that's the sensory side sensory or afferent and and the motor side is right here and then all that is motor side so when we look at the motor side not to take out the right hand we look at the motor side we have once idea that so manic and the other mode is autonomic so the somatic again refers to muscle modes and that is a voluntary that's the anatomy part is a voluntary system and what is voluntary me that means you can think about moving that muscle to move them also involved that means voluntary involuntary means you have no clue body was done thinking about your heart just starts pumping faster at some point or your lungs breathe deeper that's involuntary so the somatic nervous system portion of the motor that's still motor both of those are more so that means information going from the brain that means information like oh I it's dark in here I can't see Oh what are we gonna walk over there and turn on the light switch and then that's going to the wafting part so the walking part is voluntary and so that impulse is called to skeletal muscle so voluntary in the output Department you think of skeletal muscle the bones don't move the bones neither say information in that something's not doing what it's supposed to be doing but they don't move so there is a little less but there's not quite information nervous information straight from - we have other factors that rebuild vault ins and so forth but not the somatic you and then on the other side we have that nervous system so that I think of that is automatic automatic the stuff you don't think about that means it's involuntary you don't have the thing about it just happened the heart beats faster than its supposed to be most of the time that's we hope for that right and so that is from a physiology that's the grief of there is impulses going to cardiac and smooth muscle and cardiac muscle is the muscle that controls the heart cardiac needs heart and smooth muscle is stuff like blood vessels or the diameter of flow vessels or the diameter of the bronchi the lungs or the diameter of the god to would emotionally to go to that's all smooth muscle or even that you murder with the P stuff all that is smooth muscle so autonomic nervous system output goes all of those muscles to control what's going on in those systems in those areas and maybe then further divide that autonomic thing we're gonna go to it sympathetic and the parasympathetic division and it sympathetic is what we know as that's all here what we know as v flight and the parasympathetic is the other one as a rest and digest that's a subdivision of that automatic nervous is because the autonomic nervous system is here to maintain homeostasis you remember homeless stasis that means that a constant internal milieu that means the internals are all working fine Takota calcium level in my blood is all levels the internal temperature is all the same within a narrow range we have really thinking of oxygen level or thinking of you know all that stuff sodium potassium all that so the sympathetic division is here to react during emergency situations that's why we call that division to fight fight or flight that means you either fight or you run away and you think of what happens in the body when a bear stands over there and wants to attack you and you got around as fast as you can follow your life what would you body want to do and then you understand what that part of the nervous system controls and that's basically like your pupils get big so you can see everything your head sticks out so you can see like it's a time where I watched our your muscles have all the energy they want that my lungs breathe like crazy my heart pumps like crazy it's strong and as fast as it can so the option goes to the runners and then I'm gonna be on the dash there's no ball going to my god why the heck was that matter at this point that's the thinking and when you think that through that way then later on when you have to understand what is the sympathetic nervous system controlled and you kind of get an idea what it controls and what kind of situation it prepares the body for when you take you very extreme so you know that a line in the back or a bear in the back that's extreme so you have to run away from I guess I was just watched a movie with a bear in there or something and the parasympathetic East the Ottawa they call that rest and digest rest and digest and that's like turkey dinner time when everybody falls but so that's like what does your body need to do when you need to digest food or or you want to get yourself in some ways when you meditate you want to you know it's about a little bit about calming I mean mindful meditation it's more about as one one master said if I if I do meditate well that way I spell the flowers along the way and I don't miss them when I walk down the street that's mindful well you know it doesn't mean you have to be holy as nothing to do in that respect with that it's just but that's the stuff we try to enhance more when we try to calm down because the sympathetic in the extreme is when the lines in the corner in the last extremes when you drive it down the freeway or when you're in the office responding to emails that bump you or blah blah blah whatever is going on so we live it in a very or when you know you need to worry about getting the likes on a Facebook page or our that kind of stuff even it self-inflicted type but you know who knows maybe we just now think of it but it's not anymore but but that brings us into a lot of stress see type sort of thinking and feeling in the body so if we're living not just in the extreme we're also living in The Chronicle on here and that accounts for a lot of diseases that we call psychosomatic diseases that were going to be looking at a little bit just at the connection when you get further into the brain so that's kind of interesting but that's sort of the elaborate end of this slide so it's a good overview for you to keep let's see maybe how to get to the brain almost well maybe look at the brain as well as two spine and we will get some in the lab oh that's alright over there - real ones it's very soft material so it's like it's like jello type material and so it's very very delicate and it needs to be very well protected that's why we got a skull you gotta get to angle think a lot of bone before you can squish that brain then that's a good that way and then we got the spine in the spinal cord and underneath that body what we have three membranes that protect the cord and the spine further it's a very interesting system I have a bunch of talking about it on the outer side we have a dura mater then that's followed by an arachnoid mater and deep inside we have a Pia mater and the matter is just means you know material modern skin we can kind of think of it it's a layer that goes all the way around the whole brain and then down through the spinal cord and it encloses it in a bag sort of like it sort of goes closes down at the bottom and the dura mater is to think outer door means durable strong tough thick and that is a fibrous tissue that is the outside sort of skin that we would see if you open his skull up or if we get thin it the spinal cord out and so that's the dura mater and that's very thick underneath that we have and that's like this here there's a door here on this one and then underneath that we have a arachnoid mater and that's these a little deeper and arachnoid means spidery and if you look at this is an interesting structure it has these sect are going down is deceptively restored septum they're reaching deeper and there's so many of them collectively these pieces if this make little Springs that then underneath protect the brain so there's a little space that gets created between that arachnoid mater and the brain and that's known as the salt arachnoid space and down here you see the subarachnoid space and the sulfur Ackroyd space is gonna have fluid in it a tight fluid that liquid is called cerebrospinal fluid CSF and so that's really sweet because now we have a protection out here that we can bang on and nothing really happens but even the shock waves that come from banging on a head for example or whatever it is they now get transmitted into a medium that is having springy things in it and liquid that's like you're on the water the film is very skinny but it's around the whole brain so it's kind of like you're on board so everything that shock wave gets attenuated so that's pretty neat that's the cerebral spinal fluid that gets secreted out of blood essentially all that fluid stuff and then deeper from there underneath that we have the Pia mater and the PIA motor is very very thin italic and it just sort of lays on the brain means it has to t peel it off so it's like the shine it's like the shiny part on the top of the brain and so that's a very sensitive later than adheres to the brain cord it's very rich in capillaries so it supplies the brain and always good stuff Fuji stuff all right so that's the protection so the brain is very very well protected then a braid has to get developed has to be made when we start out as a sperm in an ad we divide divide divide divide divide about today 18 day 18 in the embryonic development we has this neural plate so I kind of visualized the brain I mean the body at that point to be a leaf to leave the structure and that's the leafy structure and there's the spam inside to leafy structures sort of the nodal cord that's the the notochord the notochord is the spinal column is the disks the center part of that spinal bony part of the spinal column that's the nodal cord and that's already in here but then on top here on that leaf that's the stem part but then on top there is this neural plate that gets created and that neural plate imagine aids in word and any pinches off and then it becomes the spinal cord essentially at the end of the day that goes up and down that leafy thing or on us up and down the backbone and then on top of that it grows and grows and grows and grows and grows and it gets back to the outside and gets bigger and and it bends a few times it has these bends in it and any at the end it all kind of wraps up in this whole brain thing that we have and so it starts out it's kind of like that as a spinal cord and I'm talking just keeps growing and it gets smooshed together so it fits into this head and then that's the brain so we have a few different parts but basically that gets us different primary brain areas and we've got one that sort of the fundamental brain they call that the salamander brain that's the behind brain that's the functional stuff down here the pons medulla or midbrain which is a lot of visceral function in it that control things that are automatic we don't have to think about it and then we have a midbrain area while the midbrain is actually part of that but if you ever in a for when we have the diencephalon and and structurally we we then reach further away from the fundamental if I take it apart so you can take these things apart and then on one side you have this loose puzzle and and that's good then it falls apart and on the other side it's solid and my don't call it because as we see in a minute that's why we have the different loads and all that we can structure we see a little bit but I don't want all of them call it because otherwise you'd have we're gonna test anything and so the first the hindbrain midbrain area will functionally put that together is right in here that brainstem we call it this part you brainstem so that's all like all stuff like salamander brain they call it the salamander brain is like yeah you're breathing your heart rate you know all I think which is all kind of needs to function it is oxygen later to environment I mean living and then as we move further up into the more weekly parts we're gonna get the forebrain and the forebrain has the diencephalon first and that's right in here this part it's sort of in the middle in between like inside in between and that's more developed than a lot of places inside here this just don't kind of below the crust more and and and in that area we have a lot more of the feeling stuff in there and unconscious with like the anger management is type stuff the reaction II type stuff like the smell goes straight down you're gonna go from different or smiley because it's a rose petal or something but that's why we need to meditate so we can smell the roses and we don't know a stroke ran by them and think of the email we have to write because I don't know whatever but it's just in the forehead and then stuck in that head alright so that's the nice f1 so it's a little bit more consciousness in some ways that we have unconscious consciousness and then the talents have one that really did most reasons brain that shell on top that's the cerebrum and that's really where a lot of the consciousness goes on the thinking the seeing who is it what kind of a face am i looking at and that kind of stuff goes all in there alright so a little bit on that development look at that gets us straight to the cerebrum because we're going to start with that and a cerebrum is top layer to top shell and is about two to five millimeters thickness of it and actually they have found in super meditators or something like that super Happy's I think that's actually a guy that create a state termed as is super happy and they hope that this brain I'm not so sure how to figure that out but but they measure his brain but also meditators like the yogi people time and their gray men are their top layer that sees a little dark here that's called the gray matter that layer is thicker a little bit in them then you know struggle or anxiety Laden normals or something like that that it's hard to sit there and do nothing just be the head but that area our decision-making processes or impulse initiating aerials so that's where the consciousness is when you think about it that's where we think here's in this oh because that that's why when you hold your head here you hold your head here a little bit you get a little bit more go up to that area so you have a little bit more thinking going on in that area and then when it gets down below further it gets a little lighter and that's a little wider and we call that the white matter and that's basically pathways that conduct impulses up and down into the side from side to side and so forth there's actually one place for the impulses going from side to side that's right here otherwise this structure here is one side and the other side so it's two hemispheres so I was like I got that good at math because I am the right brain or something left brain is logical they say but so we gotta be a little careful about all of that but we'll get to that slide I have a slight one but why matter is basically myelinated nerve fibers the myelin is the fat layer around that nerve axon that's why it's white it's the fatty part so the fatty part makes it appear a little wider when you take your brain out it's just gray and little less gray but it has a difference you can see the difference and then on the inside we have areas like here a little bit but you can see them here they're actually marked different colors and those are the inside white matter they are nuclei so they're basically cell bodies which is what the gray matter essentially is is cell bodies oh yeah I fail to say that yeah cell bodies so the cell bodies are here and the fibers are here and inside the white part the fibrous part we can have cell body clusters and they do different things like for example up here you say I'm gonna walk over there to turn on the light switch and then you start walking the impulse goes down to my muscles so I'm gonna be able to walk can do that down deeper I have nuclei in here that helped me make patterns so the walking pattern is stored in there so I'm gonna walk rhythmically so I don't always have to think about every step like you see that a lot when you learn how to play a music or even riding a bike or a car first it's like and now you're doing everything and it's because in those some of those nuclei they have stored learned motion patterns that's why it doesn't mean practice makes perfect practice makes permanent because you can write learn something wrong I ain't got all learn it again but that's you know still we want to practice but some of that for example is what we see in here because the impulse comes down and then it has to be altered in here sin makes logical sense that something anatomically will be somewhere there that's a whole you know and we call those areas those causes of cell bodies inside the white matter we call them gray nuclei so the nuclei do not matter okay the nuclei gray nuclear in if you want to take that thought a little bit further we also have nuclei cell bodies that are not in the central nervous system and so they were nuclei refers to cell bodies in the central nervous system and then when we go outside we go to the pns the peripheral nervous system those nerves out here we also have clusters of cell bodies they're usually bunched together and then you know in a little shell so they're protected and so we call them something else we call them ganglia ganglia we see a lot of them in the autonomic nervous system that automatic nervous system we see a lot of them there now I'll tell you why when we get a little bit all right we'll talk about that ganglia thing again if you did pick that up it all appears that white matter stuff so those are these fibers these five I like of course I like this picture but it's not as visible I like this picture but then this is where it's honest shows us how it works so we're gonna have fibers then are within one hemisphere we call them what we call them the Association fighters look at the right color and then we got fibers so those go from cell body to another cell boy to talk to the other cell bodies within the same side of the head for the brain and then we got other ones they know from one side to the other side we call them call me shoe roll fibers and we can remember that because the part of the brain that gets these fibers from the one hemisphere to the others the hemisphere is known as the corpus callosum we gotta learn that again so they gonna go from side to side that at one place and one of the things that's interesting that it seems to be somewhat controversial but it's always from one and we don't know if it's that controversial it's the fact that every woman knows that you cannot tell a guy too many things to do when he's gonna fall apart and every guy goes like how can it no they don't think just the baffle they don't say anything they just don't understand why so like that but from the guys side the good thing is we have a very shriveled up corpus callosum and we don't have as many fibers going from side to side so we cannot think of too many things at the same time and so it's not our fault from the woman's side is not even understanding that yeah you are superior I guess but that's that's in here and that's a very you know come with joke and if you look it up on Wikipedia on other places it's like maybe it's not as clean as we think but maybe you'll have to talk about female brain break male brain at that point so we don't know maybe that's not just based on the sexes that's where we get into the gender discussion except or part of are we getting to that how do we feel so that's the call me sure all fibers now we understand that forever because it only goes to the corpus callosum if the guys don't have one and those are the other ones and then the third one or fibers they go up and down from the brain through that up and down what they call that here through the internal capsule I think we have a slide on that but basically from the cord up to the brain those are known as the projection fibers alright so those are our main three fiber types in here now you see the different colors - Wow oh look here is that mirroring thing so that the cerebrum is the highest immigration center the CNS and it's a seat of consciousness so we think you can know what we're thinking about there that's really it has two sides two atmospheres they're separated by long deep deep groove which cold which is the group that you put the two brains apart and that groove is known as the longitudinal fissure and then those two hemispheres are basically doing similar tasks but they are generally mirrored bilaterally but dominated by different cognitive functions so we have we have a broad base we can say they have a life logical brain in the right creative brain but we have to be very careful how we treat those tendencies because you can't just say oh I'm no good at math it's more like if we have what I thought to have a different slide to that created some work because we have learned a little bit more about one side is more organizationally understanding tasks and putting them in order or so and the other side is more like looking at a big picture I'm thinking like oh look we could get a new house or so and then the other side leg all the tasks of what that means that kind of thinking you know logical creative so I think it's more like integrating each other versus p1 audio but the other thing that's interesting is each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body so fibers going up or down for the most part cross over they cross over so the right side of the body is in control the left side for the most part motor and sensory all right then now we get more to the colors part of that my brain but also the brain here I'm and so that's now the gray matter surface that's the the conscious part that the conscious part here has two things it's called biggley's Wiggles that stick out and then it's about these groups that make those Wiggles together the Wiggles that stick out are known as gyri the convolutions and the grooves are all the sulci so that makes us have mostly gyri and sulci and any couple deep ones and those are the fissures we are concerned about to Lionel sulci and the central sulcus which divide each hemisphere and into five loaves now we get to the lows and the hopes are basically main areas that two different things and some of the fur so we gonna have well now is what you're going to think about this is a brain I mean the skull just gonna have a frontal lobe uh-huh we had a frontal plane the scope will have two parietals will at parietal not to here but we had two problems we got a temporal we got an occipital and then we got a special on a nationalistic in sewer an island in between seoul and that's because the enemy can never be too simple so we all have no work as teachers but the other thing is as the brain grows it it's grew and grew and over grew and overlapped itself a little bit and then that's when you take the front piece off here you see that little part in here that is colored here that's the insula the little island that's hidden you can't see it except if you pull down the outer lobe but you don't do that all right that gives us all these lows and so let's go through those lobes generally speaking the frontal lobe deals with motor commands working memory and judgment as well as problem solving you're thinking of a math problem that's happening in the front that we think and then what else they might talk about more commenting that's the other thing that's very important so you're thinking in there but you also have more commands that motor commands or muscle commands that go down to move your round those are those motor commands that are most important here and those motor commands come straight out of a specific place so let's look at that brain a little here in this so when you know let's pray that's actually the one we want to work with anyway so when you look at the frontal lobe that's right here the pink is too from alone then the red here on your guys is praying it's a little little bit red little shade all red that is known as the precentral gyrus Co gyrus is one of those hills tires and salt cod right that preacher little that precentral gyrus is right in front of what's known as the central sulcus into central sulcus is between the red and the purple for use like adding it's blue and red that's known as the central sulcus so the central sulcus central sulcus I don't know where I have it I don't have it there central sulcus is this right in here and it's just like not a deep groove so in a regular brain when you pick it out of the head it's really artists know which one is exactly which but it's right here mark so we know it and so that is then the precentral gyrus is it from pre means in front the central sulcus okay so that's the precentral gyrus where it is so that's the last vagal of the frontal lobe and that thing is responsible for all the voluntary movement commands so we call that this the primary motor cortex so that brings me to the next question here private so let me pop top a little bit you've got to go back but the one I'm talking about is right here that's that wiggle the precentral gyrus and that's the primary motor area that means it's the last place the nervous system the nerves leave to then go to muscles to move the muscles around everything here our association areas that's like thinking what am i to do it start why I need to do something oh I got a walk oh the light I got a walk all that is like Oh what is it won't start why is it dark and then oh I got a walk and then it's here then that goes to the muscle that was down to the Muslim says okay we got to move the leg around to be able to do that so that's the primary motor area every low has a primary area for the most part the impulse that is coming in well let me actually back up the face lobe the frontal lobe with the primary motor area here is the one lobe that has the information going mostly out as we go from we're thinking of consciousness in brain so that's the frontal lobe is very information goes out we're thinking about it we're sending out of command because we got to talk to that's Tom all future that comes up you know has to go / - that's all motor commands every other lobe here the parietal lobe the temporal lobe the occipital lobe and then even the insula solar has sensory and integrated functions and oh yeah the northern zone no that was Brianna oh never mind we'll talk about that and they're the primary area where the command is last related to the outside so to speak is the first place a command goes to so in the in the temporal lobe what we get there a lot is hearing so the primary temporal lobe is going to be right here that's where we first hear the impulse as a conscious impulse and the association areas are going to tell us what does that mean so that's more association Irv's interpreting the impulse so auditory we have here visual we have back here so that's mainly visual that's the back the occipital lobe is mainly vision temporal is mainly auditory and parietal lobe is all the touchy-feely stuff so let's go back to that so but that gives you sort of an understanding between primary areas and association areas okay right do you sleep I know I told all the sudden you like answered the questions like what am I suppose that so again back to frontal lobe frontal lobe we're thinking motive commands memory judgment problem-solving well actually working memory working memory memory memory we get to that's later long-term memory is different than working memory working memory like how what we gonna do right now long-term memories like what was that called and have to remember and the second one we get to is the parietal lobe Oh Broca's area that's Broca's area as part of the frontal lobe Broca's area is somewhere down over here in the frontal way Verna keys area is in the back so they have these mapping of this brain stuff they call them Broadman areas you don't worry about that but some are important more than others and because that's hat what those are arrows and they tell you what happens in those parts of the brain and here in Broca's area we got to make speech speech creation and that's the frontal lobe and the problem is Broca's area is one area that's heavily affected by strokes so have it often with stroke victims they cannot make speech they can hear they can understand because understanding is burning this area that's my segue to the parietal lobe because that is on the parietal lobe on the side and so verna care is understanding written and spoken language and so that gives us input of what's going on if that's a fact that we can't understand it's just gibberish we'll be here but if Broca's area is affected big enormous damages can't speak it out and so mostly that's on the left side and so what they have learned how to do is they have learned that band-aid and left side is more logically as we say before more rationally and they have learned that when they sing songs to a person who had a stroke from their childhood they they all long remember things they starts activating the other side and they can start speaking more rudimentary bird making the skills come back not the same fashion saying that but that's all that's all yelled yeah that was some son like an accidental type of finding in journalism well at least that's how I heard about it so that brings me Wernicke's areas that understanding that brings me to the parietal over the primal is more how we experience the world through physical sensations such as touch temperature pain that's a um but if it wouldn't be painful we wouldn't know what it means when there's no pain right that's unfortunately that up and down that has to be there somewhere so we can appreciate it this is where we experience the world consciously and process the meaning of received input so now here we have a primary area - and that primary area is right behind the red one the primary somatosensory area is right so ba means body sensor means body feeling input type of stuff that's right behind the red vehicle and that will be called the post central gyrus because post is behind so it's behind posterior to the oh yeah look at that post area so it lies posterior so that's another way to remember it see that's the way you study stuff so they have to make up these mnemonics and this real-time thing so anyway that the we call right there in the back and so what's really cool about these Wiggles these two particularly they are mapped out so they can open these brains up and they go with the plastic neither they poke people in different parts and different things start moving and they realize wow look at that it have to do many people to say anyway oh everybody's like the same practically and so they mapped out what part of the body is waiting on that wiggle right here is that little man is called a hormone to us and that's a sensor homunculus I know don't say that to a little person hi come on - is that really me I decided in a movie that was really pretty means he's a little guys back what's funny about this one is that areas are sized by how much space they take off on the on the gyrus and so you can sort of see the faces video on the head you can feel coins different coins differentiated from coins in your pocket when I look in it happy I mean that's amazing isn't it you want to try to do that with your back put the coin on the back let me feel it I can feel no you can't feel it because there's hardly any area that cares about the back back thumb the whole back is like the thumb but so I when I massage people in the back I go like that they think I have you chance because they don't feel all in between there's not as many receptor distribution radio working and you're much more specific I mean in the back I'm specific - but if I'm just applying strokes - to - to start working it I go fingers apart I won't do that in all the body parts in the back you get away with it alright let's see let's see there's another interesting thing here this is also um so that's the body area mapped out this is also interesting here is it a receptor here who's a receptor that's a receptor and that's the pathway that takes away that's the pathway that nerve takes up the column that's the column into the brain to that post central gyrus and actually what we have done these dots here these round parts is where the nerve goes from one earth to the other so we have a wonderf here brings it into the spinal cord then we go to an honor if somewhere we have a crossing most of those things cross over I said so somewhere we cross over then we go pretty much to an area in the brain that's known as the thalamus but we'll have a slide on that and that's a place that we have some crude reshuffling of information it goes from you know what is this like you remember the old internet you do-do-do-do-do-do digital been a picture downloads is like first you get a few pixels and you have no idea where it is yeah you too y'all know we had that you know bat or bad reception it just slowly comes in and you sort of all of a sudden you start recognizing it that's kind of what happens in that part of the brain and then from there and actually sends the signal exactly to where we need to be sent so there's like input in focus is three nerves that does two input from here to here all right three different nerves it be gonna compare that because the output is two different nerves not three but I'm getting all chatty about this whole look but we did this already oh it's not that late I can talk a little bit more because look that we have to insulin and insulin where we have vestibular cortex so vestibular is balancing stuff conscious awareness of balance that's the vestibular system that's in the ear stop so here and a stimulus system is learning they're unaware that together it's sort of within one system that's a really cool system you know how you figure out if you're balanced if you go sideways or not it's because inside the skull remember a petrus portion in the skull and sort of looks into the sella turcica inside there is borne out the car finger that bone or little channels that one goes around this way one was around this way and one was around at all different three directions and yeah this way forward and inside there you've got liquid fluid water type stuff and and then you move your hat moves but the water moves a little slower it's not as fast-moving like if you think you can you can visualize that right and and on the bottom of these things you've all hair sticking up and so when you move the heads bend a little bit because the water stays behind and that bending translates into a nerve impulse that you feel like oh my head is silent maybe crazy to me that's totally crazy oh you guys probably thing is wrong but it's a hair banding that tells me it's the same as to hearing the sound waves were gonna make a hair band at a specific part and then the brain knows oh that was a seat and that my brain said like that was a G but it was a C so everything at all but that's that inside the brain as interpretation goes that's a different story so in the end of insula inside here in here we have that conscious awareness of balance and it is also involved in self events and planes of function or role in multiple functions linked to emotions so that's good to know when you've got really self-aware you know berate some eyes functioning it's not dead yet and then you know we're still embarrassed about it but that is the emotional connection so when it comes to that it's really hard of course to really understand how everything works and the brain is just complicated that way but we're definitely learning more and more about these kind of things for now it just kind of know it as where that thing is located because then you have a whole other situation in the brain and I read that book a long time ago Michael Talbot I put the holographic universe and they have studies where they take sorry about that they take rats and they cut their brains up and out and they they show them a pathway and they take they essentially take on different rats they take all the different parts of the brain out so you would think if a vert the location is to find a pathway is it in one place in the brain located but obviously it's in multiple places because one of the rats would have failed but since all the rats didn't fail and all the brain parts were ultimately taken out it seems to be mirrored in different parts of the brain where different things are located and so we don't really know necessarily that all of that is really static some of that stuff is not that static we have an example of a woman who caught oh she had vertical you know vertical like you don't want to worry oh man that's like you're spinning around and he's still spinning around ain't going away spinning around that's not good and so that's really hard for those people who like dance or so Norton I mean they really have very high suicide rates to that mean it's really attractive so they did this device in this lady they gave her a gum that had like electrical things in it and it was tied together I think was it was a circle around the head that had a magnet teasing sort of it and meant she was moving her head over to one side instead of the middle ear picking his stuff up and translating it her golem in the head for pre-clean like you're thinking champagne and then on the other side I guess it was I don't know white wine or something no check paid it wasn't prickly but it was teaching that brain for the tone how to balance and after a few session that lady could fans without vertigo which dancing is like the thing you definitely never want to do with your version you're already spinning you want to spend no you know and so then she would do this so that was fantastic that's an order show that her her her gustatory cortex the tasty stuff would take off we take it over by the base stealers thinking a little bit and transfer it oh that's why I mean somebody's born blind you don't want to have them have glasses on because their brain in the back part is taken off by order stop fall out of the feeling stone that's why if you walking around they can feel are you walking around like you know we think it's some you know crazy thing but there's no what the brain it's very very small bad you can do a lot of things and that's where I try to say briefly last time about neuroplasticity how functions can be how it's about the pathways but also some of the brain functions can't be altered reaches don't really know where we are at with everything a lot of that is you know figure it out figure out of it all right oh okay Brian elope also houses the ghost story cortex that's where I had it I talked about this but not this so that gustatory is text you want to know that word and then the visual is either Oaks if it all over the back and then the acoustic cortex is the hearing that's right behind it here that's the temporal that's the easy one to remember the year I remember easy that's where I hear anyway the thing I think is a movie theater I hear I see from eyes before checks to the back that's how I visualize why that would be there it kind of seems a little off but that's like all probably made it that way okay with that I think we can probably be in a good place where we stop you