AP US History Unit 4 Review (1800-1848)

Overview

• Focus on US expansion in world affairs, societal and economic transformation, and democratic impulses.
• Key events: Election of Thomas Jefferson, debates between Democratic-Republicans and Federalists.

US Foreign Relations

• Barbary Pirates: Jefferson opposed paying bribes; led to naval conflict and reduced payments.
• Louisiana Purchase (1803): Monroe purchased territory from Napoleon; Jefferson's constructionist dilemma.
• Exploration by Lewis & Clark, Zebulon Pike; increased geographical knowledge, Indian relations.

Federal Power & Supreme Court Decisions

• Marbury v. Madison (1803): Established judicial review; increased Supreme Court power.
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Federal law supersedes state law.

War of 1812

• Causes: British impressment, interference with American ships, Indian conflicts.
• Aftermath: Nationalism rise, Federalist Party decline, revealed US weaknesses.

Economic Policies & Regional Tensions

• American System (Henry Clay): Internal improvements, protective tariffs, Second Bank of the US.
• Missouri Compromise (1820): Missouri slave state, Maine free state; 36°30' line drawn.

Expansion & Foreign Policy

• Treaties to define northern and southern borders (Adams-Onis Treaty).
• Monroe Doctrine (1823): Declared Western Hemisphere off-limits to European colonization.

Market Revolution

• Technological advances: Cotton gin, spinning machine, interchangeable parts.
• Transportation: Canals, steamboats, railroads; increased interdependence.
• Immigration: Rise in northern industrial cities, urbanization.

Social Changes

• Growth of middle class; Cult of Domesticity; separate spheres for men and women.

Expansion of Democracy

• Property qualifications for voting reduced; Panic of 1819; new voter demographics.
• Political realignment: Rise of Democratic and National Republican parties.

Andrew Jackson’s Presidency

• Tariff of 1828: Led to nullification crisis with South Carolina.
• Veto of Second Bank: Opposed national bank, favored common people.
• Indian Removal Act (1830): Led to Trail of Tears; Worcester v. Georgia decision.

American Culture & Reforms

• Transcendentalism: Emerson and Thoreau; focus on nature, moral perfection.
• Second Great Awakening: Religious revival, egalitarian camp meetings.
• Social Reforms: Temperance, abolitionism, women's rights (Seneca Falls Convention).
• Abolitionism: William Lloyd Garrison’s "The Liberator"; growth in anti-slavery sentiment.

Southern Society

• Plantation expansion, harsh conditions for enslaved people.
• Cultural aspects of enslaved community: songs, community resilience.
• Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831): Increased Southern fear and restrictions.

These notes summarize the key points of Unit 4 in AP US History, covering the period from 1800 to 1848. They highlight significant events, policies, and societal changes during this era.