[Music] now for patho Basics as you know blood sugar naturally increases when we eat the pancreas releases insulin from the beta cells and also enzymes to help break down food for fuel so remember insulin puts sugar and potassium into the cell making our hungry cells really happy now when we give insulin both sugar and potassium decrease in the blood since it's going into the cell now if we don't have food then the pancreas has a backup plan it releases glucagon hormone to break down stored glucose AKA glycogen in the liver which increases sugar in the blood glycogen is kind of like a glucose brick wall so remember glucagon means glucose gone out of the liver into the bloodstream which increases blood sugar so again when blood sugar is high like after you eat insulin is released and when blood sugar is low like when you exercise or forget to eat glucagon is released so in diabetes insulin is the problem here guys type one we have none since the body has killed its own pancreas it produces no insulin and people are born with it it's an autoimmune disease so type one you can pass on to your son since it's genetical and these patients are insulin dependent for life big key word now in type two remember few insulin receptors work since the problem is you your diet and lifestyle the highend sugars and sitting seditary lifestyle we're talking junk food like sodas white breads and sweets which eventually leads to obesity and our cells now are lazy and overused the insulin receptor sites are like an overused Keyhole they basically been worn out and now just ignore the insulin this is called insulin resistance so just think in type two the cells are through they quit responding now the risk factors for developing diabetes guys in type 1 there are none since it's mostly genetical you can pass it on to your son and type two the problem is you your diet and a little bit of genetics so we screen for metabolic syndrome which increases the risk of not only diabetes but also heart disease and stroke now this is big on exams in the en click so we use the acronym bowl for metabolic syndrome so guys three or more criteria means we have metabolic syndrome so B for blood pressure meds and high BP over 130 cystolic our next B is for blood sugar medication or high blood sugar over key word here guys write this down 100 fasting over 100 fasting O is for obesity big key words here guys waist size over 35 for females and over 45 for males and lastly L is for lipids that are high this is not good we're talking high cholesterol panel write these numbers down 2 150 and 100 all should be low except the hdls our happy lipids that one should be over 40 now guys if these numbers are off it could mean metabolic syndrome and this contributes to insulin resistance in type two where the cells are through again like an overused lock the cells stop responding from the overuse of insulin now I can already see questions coming up on your exam and enlex so I recommend writing this bowl memory trick out at least 15 times the week of your exam now to help you here's a common practice question thanks for watch watching for our full video and new quiz Bank click right up here to access your free trial and please consider subscribing to our YouTube channel last but not least a big thanks to our team of experts helping us make these great videos all right guys see you next time [Music]