Overview
This lecture covers the concepts of ethnocentrism and xenocentrism, their origins, forms, and effects, providing examples and highlighting their implications for human relations.
Ethnocentrism: Concept and Origin
- Ethnocentrism is judging other cultures by the standards and values of one's own culture.
- Coined by William G. Sumner, ethnocentrism sees one's group as the center and judges others relative to that standard.
- It involves viewing other cultures as inferior if they differ from one's own.
Forms and Consequences of Ethnocentrism
- Cultural ethnocentrism: belief that one's culture is superior to all others.
- Economic ethnocentrism: seeing other groups as economic competitors.
- Positive aspect: can foster in-group loyalty (e.g., Filipinos recognizing their heritage).
- Negative aspect: can cause harmful discrimination (e.g., believing your group is better than others).
Xenocentrism: Concept, Origin, and Examples
- Xenocentrism is the preference for products, styles, or ideas from another culture over one's own.
- Originates as an attempt to correct one's ethnocentrism, leading to feelings of cultural inferiority.
- Examples include valuing European wine and cheese over local options, thinking only Japanese cars are good, or favoring French perfume and imported products.
Comparing Ethnocentrism and Xenocentrism
- Ethnocentrism centers and elevates one's own culture; xenocentrism is the belief that other cultures are better.
- Both influence how people view their own and foreign cultures, impacting social interactions and perceptions.
Human Relations and Conclusion
- Ethnocentrism is a strong force that weakens human relations by fostering divisions.
- Despite cultural differences, all humans share fundamental similarities, and no culture is intrinsically superior.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Ethnocentrism — Judging other cultures by the standards of one's own, often assuming superiority.
- Xenocentrism — Preference for the cultural elements of another group, believing they are superior.
- Cultural ethnocentrism — The view that one's culture is the best among all cultures.
- Economic ethnocentrism — The belief that other groups are economic rivals or threats.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review real-life examples of ethnocentrism and xenocentrism.
- Reflect on personal biases and their impact on cultural perceptions.