Themes in 'An Inspector Calls' - English Literature GCSE

Capitalism vs Socialism

• Central Theme: Priestley explores the theme of capitalism vs. socialism.
• Priestley's Position: He was a socialist, while Britain is predominantly capitalist.
• Character Representation:
  • The Birlings represent wealthy capitalists.
  • The Inspector is a socialist advocate, Priestley’s mouthpiece.
• Play's Message: Condemns capitalism and promotes socialist ideals, depicting socialism as superior and more beneficial.

Exploitation

• Eva Smith’s Story: Highlights exploitation by individuals and the capitalist system.
• Linkage: Ties into social class, capitalism vs. socialism, and gender issues.
• Character Vulnerability: Eva is vulnerable due to her status as a working-class woman.
• Economic Commentary: British economy relies on exploiting the working class, particularly women, for profits.

Gender Roles

• Influence on Interactions: Gender and gender roles heavily influence character interactions and self-perception.
• Priestley’s Message: Traditional gender stereotypes hinder societal progress.

Generational Divide: Young vs Old

• Family Split: The Birling family is divided into parents (older) and children (younger).
• Generational Differences: They differ in reactions to the Inspector, perspectives shaped by their era and experiences.
• Dynamic: The generational view impacts the family’s dynamics.

Social Class

• Impact of Class: Plays a significant role in the plot, with a clear division between upper and working classes.
• Historical Context: Reflects 1912 Britain where class interactions were rare.
• Birling's Treatment of Eva: Reflects upper class attitudes towards the working class.

Social Responsibility

• Inspector’s Role: Encourages the Birlings to be accountable and responsible for others.
• Moral Message: Demonstrates that actions have consequences and promotes mindfulness and communal responsibility.

Wealth and Materialism

• Corruption by Wealth: Wealth corrupts individuals and society, leading to materialistic and greedy behaviors.
• Class System: In a capitalist society, wealth equates to power and success, pushing people to value material over moral worth.
• Priestley’s Critique: Highlights dehumanization and objectification of lower classes.