what's up Gimme Liberty fans we have chapter two of the fourth edition today this one is focusing on English colonization from6007 to660 before I begin make sure if you want this PowerPoint fill in the blanks guide for this video or any other resources check out the description and go to apushreview.com i got everything there for you all right let's get going so we have England in the new world the church of England was established by this dude Henry VIII after he split from the Catholic Church and he was the leader of both England and the Church of England also known as the Anglican Church now before England comes to the Americas they take over Ireland and they conquered and subdued Ireland through military action and killing of civilians they treated them very very harshly and they will take a similar approach with the native Americans in North America so England settled into North America later than the Spanish and the Portuguese so they're kind of late comers to the party in the Americas rowan Oak was the first civilization that was founded this is known as the lost island in 1586 although there's new evidence that has come out that they think they may know what happened to these people years later when they went to this colony all they found was Crowatoan carved into a tree and the people were gone and there's this mystery as to what happened to them all right spreading Protestantism in 1588 England defeated the Spanish Armada this gigantic navy and England emerged as a naval power and here is a root of the Spanish armada during the battle and England sought to bring Protestantism not Catholicism to the new world spain and France were bringing Catholicism england's like you know what we're going to bring Protestantism so America appealed to overpop populated England because there were many economic difficulties there was not a lot of land and there was a ton of people without jobs in England so America seemed like a good place for economic opportunities in England we have the enclosure movement which is when land owners enclosed or fenced off their land basically put up fences and said get off my lawn and this led to many people losing farmland if you lose farmland you don't have a source of living back then so many of them pack up their bags and move to America and the new world appealed to many poor people in England because there's a possibility of owning land now unlike Spain and France very important to know this is start absolutely know you're writing an essay about colonization of European countries you better include this england sent men women and children to the Americas spain and France predominately just sent men and they did so in smaller numbers than the English now we're going to talk about the Chesapeake this is Virginia and Maryland know those two colonies they focus on tobacco and indentured servants early on what's an indentured servant you ask well it is somebody who comes to the Americas in exchange for working 5 to seven years and here is a contract of an indentured servant so usually they work 5 to seven years in exchange for getting a ticket to come over to the Americas however roughly half of them live to see freedom at the end of their contracts now owning land was associated with liberty in England and this allowed men to vote and with large amounts of land came the need for labor so we're going to see initially it's going to be indentured servants and there will be a switch we'll talk about in the next chapter to African slavery a proprietor was somebody who received a royal grant of land from the king such as William Penn who founded Pennsylvania and Celvert or Lord Baltimore in Maryland all right unlike the Spanish and French the English did not seek to intermar with natives they sought to displace them so they had much more their relationship with natives was defined more by conflict land was gained from natives through treaties after military defeat rarely did they buy land and the English displaced natives more than any other European country they do not intermar and establish new cultures with Native Americans as the French and Spanish did so European goods that transformed native life iron metal guns in particular and horses as well men hunted more beaver for the fur trade which was very important in Europe there's a very high demand for for fur especially beaver fur and alcohol wre havoc and disrupted Native American life now European expansion into native land transformed native lifestyle corn fields were affected by cattle and pigs and forests were cut down for lumber so not only are natives losing land but the land is being transformed as well okay so we have the Jamestown colony this is the first permanent establishment this is in Virginia in6007 so England initially they sought to gain silver and gold just like the Spanish did however there was not silver and gold there so they quickly turned to agriculture and in particular yeah you know it tobacco so we have the starving time in Jamestown this was a really brutal winter between 1609 and 1610 in which most colonists died john Smith emerges as a leader and he says "Listen you're not working you're not eating you're starving bro." So he put made sure a lot of people were working so the headright system was created and this allowed 50 acres of land given to anybody who paid for an indentured servant to come over so this is going to benefit the wealthy and give them more land in 1619 we have two very unique events in the history of America one we have the creation of the house of Burgesses which was the first representative government in colonial America even though this was just limited to land owners this was very democratic for its time and the other event is the first ship containing Africans arrive so we see on one hand the establishment of representative government and on the other hand we see the beginning of slavery now the English and Jamestown initially tried to convert natives to Christianity and John Rolf not John Smith Disney he married Pocahontas and this really was a rarity in English colonies because they did not intermar with natives okay in 1622 Powhattan's brother he attacked settlers in Virginia killing one quarter of them so Virginia sought to as the book says rid the savages to gain the free range of the country so we have the first of many conflicts and Native Americans were defeated and they were first forced to move further west this will be a trend throughout American history now we have emergence of a tobacco colie and tobacco brought wealth to planters and the English and especially the English in the forms of customs duties or tariffs now tobacco exhausted the land which led to expansion which led to conflicts with natives and this would repeat itself over and over few towns allowed plantation owners to dominate politics in the south and in the 17th century most immigrants were indentured servants to the Chesapeake so throughout the 1600s most of the immigrants wore indentured servants and won't be slaves until later in the 1600s which we'll see in the next chapter now on a side note in a 2005 movie The New World one of my favorite actors Christian Bale played John Rolf the guy who introduced tobacco to the Chesapeake he goes on to play Batman do you think he was running around like "Where's the tobacco where?" That's my Batman impression sadly this will not be the last Christian Bale Batman impression you will hear in this series all right women in the family men highly outnumbered women in the Chesapeake in the 17th century and married women were entitled to some land in the event of her husband's death but married women enjoyed few rights in the English colonies that's something we talked about in the last chapter video in Maryland Maryland also thrived on tobacco and remember that is a part of the Chesapeake in 1632 the it was established as a proprietor colony to Cecilius Calvert and he had full power over the land and here he is the Lord Baltimore now Calvert was Catholic unlike other English colonies which were predominantly Protestant and he hoped Maryland would be a safe haven for Catholics they were outnumbered by by Protestants and he hoped to establish a religious safe haven for them and the death rate in the Chesapeake was astronomically high about half the people lived to be 20 you know what that means that means they had midlife crisises when they were 10 years old can you imagine having a midlife crisis when you were 10 years old that's insane right and 50% died by 20 all right let's talk about Puritanism puritans wanted to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic rituals they did not want to break away or start a new one that is separatist they believed in predestination an idea brought by this dude John Kelvin which said that before you are born God already determined whether you would go to heaven or hell john Winthrop was a key figure for Puritans and he gave a very famous speech you should be familiar with a city upon a hill he said he said New England or Boston should be the city upon a hill in which all the rest of the world would look up to basically he wanted to create a model society for the rest of the world they did not extend religious freedom to others even though they were denied religious freedom really in England they did not want to extend it to others and they established a community of like-minded individuals roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson these were two people that challenged Puritan ideals so they were banished from Massachusetts Bay they were sent on over to Rhode Island now liberty meant the ability to establish churches and govern and not have their beliefs challenged that's how Puritans viewed liberty the Mayflower Compact established a system of laws and also established by elected representatives so we see again some early forms of democracy natives played an instrumental role in the survival of the pilgrims they taught them they taught the pilgrims how to farm and how to fish and voting was not limited to church members at Plymouth all right a great migration in between 1629 and 1642 we have 21,000 Puritans coming over that is a lot many of them come in families again I can't stress this enough unlike the French and the Spanish they tended to come who tended to only send men reasons for immigration included religious freedom and economic opportunities the same thing the 1600s as it is in 2015 or any year in between now the Puritan family we really see a male-dominated society and married women had few rights i've said that several times i hope that's sinking in people live longer than in the Chesapeake we would see more children more grandparents and the establishment of close-knit communities people live closer together because there were not plantations towns dominated societies and for every 50 families a school would be created and these schools were created to teach the Bible and Harvard was the first college that was established and it was established as a ministry college met in Massachusetts elected their own governors people like John Winthrop who served as governor many times and in Virginia those governors were appointed by the crown maryland was based on the proprietor so the proprietor got to appoint the governor full church membership required being a visible saint or having a conversion experience and being able to talk about con your conversion experience and voting was limited to males that were full members so it was a small group of society but there were some elements but again that is an element of democracy all right let's talk about the bodies of liberties these listed rights of colonists and it did allow for slavery so slavery was seen in the north as well as the south ministers could not hold office although church and state were closely related and again puritans did not believe in religious toleration they established Massachusetts Bay as a place for them to practice their religion now reasons for abishment from New England people like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson criticizing the church or violating norms let's talk about Roger Williams he wanted to break away from the Catholic church or from the Church of England or the Anglican Church he was a separatist he believed in complete religious toleration and he challenged the idea that the Puritans were God's chosen people he's basically calling out the Puritans so he's kicked out he's booted and he forms Rhode Island rhode Island established religious freedom complete religious toleration there was no established church and no religious requirement for voting there were more frequent elections and this meant it was more democratic than Massachusetts connecticut the fundamental ws of Connecticut were based off of Massachusetts except men could vote without being church members this is one of the earliest constitutions in in American history and Hutchinson was put on trial for her belief she challenged norms she led religious discussions at her home and challenged the authorities of ministers this was radical for anybody to do but especially for a woman to do and she was put on trial and banished to Rhode Island in later New York City puritans and Indians many New Englanders believed uncultivated land could be theirs some like Roger Williams paid natives for land so Roger Williams was a was in the minority of English settlers who paid natives for land many Puritans viewed natives as savages due to their religion we had the Peekquat war which began over the death of a fur trader by Peekquats and New England soldiers defeated them and many natives were killed or forced into slavery and they will be forced further west colonists began to encroach further onto native land after the victory and the New England economy we'll talk about now very important to know immigrants came not only for religious motives but economic motives as well and the New England economy was mixed they had some agriculture they focused a lot on trade they exported fish and lumber and they even did some whale hunting as well there were very there were few indentured servants and slaves although they did exist all right at the merchant elite trade became a central part of New England colonies especially sugar and tobacco and Massachusetts government promoted economic development by building roads and bridges etc the halfway covenant was created for Puritans because fewer individuals were full church members in Massachusetts so grandchildren of those who came over during the great migration could receive what's known as a halfway membership so the purpose of this was to increase church membership and grandchildren could become half members essentially Jeremyads were sermons that gave warning of disaster if people did not return to their religious ways and this helped encourage New Englanders to come back to church and become more religious all right the rights of Englishmen the Magna Carton 1215 granted certain liberties by the king magna Carton not this dude Jay-Z but the king of England that's a pretty good album isn't it establishing that the due process of law count colonists viewed themselves as Englishmen this will be a very important theme leading up to the American Revolution there was a civil war in England this conflict between Parliament and the monarchs over the practices resembling Catholicism parliament was victorious so they do what anybody would do they just behead the king of England that makes perfect sense right let's just start cutting off heads well that doesn't last very long here's poor the poor King Charles getting his head cut off you can actually Yeah look at that that's like blood coming out that's a bit graphic huh oliver Cromwell ruled England and in 1660 Charles II assumed the throne we have new religious groups they wanted religious toleration the Levelers were this democratic group that proposed a constitution and the ideas would travel to America now Englishmen had more rights and freedoms than other European countries many Englishmen saw English conization better than French or Spanish which were seen as tyrannical because they had an absolute monarch quakers were pacifists that settled in Pennsylvania by this dude boy and Penn and they paid natives for land and they believe that each person had an inner light they were not welcome in Massachusetts because they were not Puritans in Maryland we see the emergence of a large number of Protestants that sought to gain power so they create the Maryland Acts of Toleration holy cow know this this guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians this is aimed specifically at protecting Catholics and this only applies to Christianity it does not extend to other religions if you were Jewish for example you could receive the death penalty in Maryland now Kroma led England between 1649 and 1658 and he expanded England's power in Ireland and the Caribbean and the navigation acts were passed in 1651 we'll talk about the next chapter that is meant to regulate trade very very important all right quick recap of this chapter church of England anglican church that is a denomination of Protestantism in which the king has control defeated Spanish armada enabled England emerge as a naval power england sent men women and children the Chesapeake know what two colonies make up it yep you know it virginia and Maryland indenture servants and tobacco early on the House of Burgess's first form of representative government maryland and Catholicism tie that in with the acts of toleration city upon a hill what the heck did John Winthrob mean by that new England life and towns compared to the Chesapeake roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson how were they descendenters what happened to them the Pekqua war what was the result of that quakers who were they where' they settle and finally the Maryland acts of toleration all right guys thank you very much for joining me for chapter 2 we will see right back here for chapter 3 in which this dude Nathaniel Bacon he's got a beef and he leads a rebellion did you get it nathaniel Bacon beef anyway we'll find out what it is in chapter 3 if you have any questions or comments feel free to leave them in the comment section below i look forward to seeing you back here for chapter 3 thank you so much and have a good