Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Headache

What is Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)?

• Definition: Increased ICP is a dangerous condition caused by pressure inside the skull, often due to a brain injury or other health issues.
• Consequences: Can lead to headaches, further brain or spinal cord injury.
• Urgency: Considered a medical emergency requiring immediate care to improve recovery chances.

Causes of Increased ICP

• Hydrocephalus (abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid)
• Brain bleeding
• Brain swelling
• Aneurysm
• Blood pooling in the brain
• Brain or head injury
• Brain tumor
• Infections (e.g., encephalitis, meningitis)
• High blood pressure
• Stroke

Symptoms of Increased ICP

• Headache
• Blurred vision
• Confusion
• High blood pressure
• Shallow breathing
• Vomiting
• Behavioral changes
• Weakness or motor/speech difficulties
• Lethargy or sleepiness
• Coma

Diagnosis of Increased ICP

• History and Physical Exam: Review past health records.
• Nervous System Exam: Tests senses, balance, mental status, eye pressure check.
• Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture): Measures cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
• CT Scan: X-ray imaging of head/brain.
• MRI: Detailed imaging with magnets and computers.

Treatment of Increased ICP

• Medical Intervention: Immediate treatment to lower pressure and reduce swelling.
  • Medication to reduce swelling
  • Drainage of cerebrospinal fluid or blood
  • Rarely, craniotomy (removal of skull part) for swelling relief
• Monitoring: ICP monitor may be used to adjust medication dosage.
• Underlying Cause Treatment: Manage conditions like infection, high blood pressure, tumor, or stroke.

Complications of Increased ICP

• Seizures
• Stroke
• Neurological damage
• Death

Prevention of Increased ICP

• Reduce risk factors: high blood pressure, stroke, infections, head injury.
• Preventative Measures:
  • Regular exercise
  • Maintaining healthy weight
  • Healthy diet
  • Fall prevention for older adults
  • Vaccinations and hygiene to prevent infections
  • Use of helmets and seat belts

When to Contact Healthcare Provider

• Symptoms indicating increased ICP: severe headache, blurred vision, alertness changes, vomiting, behavioral changes, weakness, lethargy, seizures.

Key Points

• Increased ICP is a critical condition requiring immediate care.
• Can result from various brain-related issues.
• Treatment focuses on reducing pressure and addressing root causes.
• Preventative actions can mitigate risk.
• Serious complications include long-term brain damage and death.

Next Steps for Patients

• Be prepared for healthcare visits: know your objectives, prepare questions, bring support, and document new information.
• Understand medications, treatments, and procedures.
• Know alternatives and expected outcomes of treatments.
• Ensure clear communication with healthcare providers for ongoing queries and follow-up.